Potentiating Lung Mucosal Immunity Through Intranasal Vaccination
Yearly administration of influenza vaccines is our best available tool for controlling influenza virus spread. However, both practical and immunological factors sometimes result in sub-optimal vaccine efficacy. The call for improved, or even universal, influenza vaccines within the field has led to...
| Main Authors: | , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2021-12-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Immunology |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2021.808527/full |
| _version_ | 1819180408862932992 |
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| author | Sean A. Nelson Andrea J. Sant |
| author_facet | Sean A. Nelson Andrea J. Sant |
| author_sort | Sean A. Nelson |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Yearly administration of influenza vaccines is our best available tool for controlling influenza virus spread. However, both practical and immunological factors sometimes result in sub-optimal vaccine efficacy. The call for improved, or even universal, influenza vaccines within the field has led to development of pre-clinical and clinical vaccine candidates that aim to address limitations of current influenza vaccine approaches. Here, we consider the route of immunization as a critical factor in eliciting tissue resident memory (Trm) populations that are not a target of current licensed intramuscular vaccines. Intranasal vaccination has the potential to boost tissue resident B and T cell populations that reside within specific niches of the upper and lower respiratory tract. Within these niches, Trm cells are poised to respond rapidly to pathogen re-encounter by nature of their anatomic localization and their ability to rapidly deliver anti-pathogen effector functions. Unique features of mucosal immunity in the upper and lower respiratory tracts suggest that antigen localized to these regions is required for the elicitation of protective B and T cell immunity at these sites and will need to be considered as an important attribute of a rationally designed intranasal vaccine. Finally, we discuss outstanding questions and areas of future inquiry in the field of lung mucosal immunity. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-22T22:13:52Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-437b6f166f094ee5a8a528962e3faf91 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-3224 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-22T22:13:52Z |
| publishDate | 2021-12-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Immunology |
| spelling | doaj.art-437b6f166f094ee5a8a528962e3faf912022-12-21T18:10:49ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Immunology1664-32242021-12-011210.3389/fimmu.2021.808527808527Potentiating Lung Mucosal Immunity Through Intranasal VaccinationSean A. NelsonAndrea J. SantYearly administration of influenza vaccines is our best available tool for controlling influenza virus spread. However, both practical and immunological factors sometimes result in sub-optimal vaccine efficacy. The call for improved, or even universal, influenza vaccines within the field has led to development of pre-clinical and clinical vaccine candidates that aim to address limitations of current influenza vaccine approaches. Here, we consider the route of immunization as a critical factor in eliciting tissue resident memory (Trm) populations that are not a target of current licensed intramuscular vaccines. Intranasal vaccination has the potential to boost tissue resident B and T cell populations that reside within specific niches of the upper and lower respiratory tract. Within these niches, Trm cells are poised to respond rapidly to pathogen re-encounter by nature of their anatomic localization and their ability to rapidly deliver anti-pathogen effector functions. Unique features of mucosal immunity in the upper and lower respiratory tracts suggest that antigen localized to these regions is required for the elicitation of protective B and T cell immunity at these sites and will need to be considered as an important attribute of a rationally designed intranasal vaccine. Finally, we discuss outstanding questions and areas of future inquiry in the field of lung mucosal immunity.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2021.808527/fullinfluenzatissue resident memoryCD4 T cellsCD8 T cellsmucosal antibody response |
| spellingShingle | Sean A. Nelson Andrea J. Sant Potentiating Lung Mucosal Immunity Through Intranasal Vaccination Frontiers in Immunology influenza tissue resident memory CD4 T cells CD8 T cells mucosal antibody response |
| title | Potentiating Lung Mucosal Immunity Through Intranasal Vaccination |
| title_full | Potentiating Lung Mucosal Immunity Through Intranasal Vaccination |
| title_fullStr | Potentiating Lung Mucosal Immunity Through Intranasal Vaccination |
| title_full_unstemmed | Potentiating Lung Mucosal Immunity Through Intranasal Vaccination |
| title_short | Potentiating Lung Mucosal Immunity Through Intranasal Vaccination |
| title_sort | potentiating lung mucosal immunity through intranasal vaccination |
| topic | influenza tissue resident memory CD4 T cells CD8 T cells mucosal antibody response |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2021.808527/full |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT seananelson potentiatinglungmucosalimmunitythroughintranasalvaccination AT andreajsant potentiatinglungmucosalimmunitythroughintranasalvaccination |