A novel method to design biomimetic, 3D printable stochastic scaffolds with controlled porosity for bone tissue engineering
Periodic cellular materials such as body-centered cubic, face-centered cubic, and triply periodic minimal surfaces, have been used to construct scaffolds for bone tissue engineering. Their use is suboptimal for reasons like stress concentration at nodes, and/or poor anisotropy. Stochastic structures...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2022-08-01
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| Series: | Materials & Design |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0264127522004798 |
| _version_ | 1818048141745717248 |
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| author | Susheem Kanwar Oraib Al-Ketan Sanjairaj Vijayavenkataraman |
| author_facet | Susheem Kanwar Oraib Al-Ketan Sanjairaj Vijayavenkataraman |
| author_sort | Susheem Kanwar |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Periodic cellular materials such as body-centered cubic, face-centered cubic, and triply periodic minimal surfaces, have been used to construct scaffolds for bone tissue engineering. Their use is suboptimal for reasons like stress concentration at nodes, and/or poor anisotropy. Stochastic structures can mimic the bone microarchitecture with anisotropic mechanical properties. While several methods exist for generating stochastic structures, they face limitations like being computationally expensive, complex, or only applicable in specific cases. In this work, scaffolds are created using level set equations which permit spatially controllable porosity. A 3D volume is populated with random nodes, which segment the 3D volume into subdomains. Each subdomain is occupied with a basic architecture generated through level-set equations. All the architectures in the subdomains are then smoothly integrated at sub-domain boundaries to form the stochastic scaffold. Stainless steel stochastic scaffolds with porosities from 58% to 70% were fabricated and their mechanical characteristics, as well as cell viability, was assessed. Young’s modulus of the scaffolds ranges from 0.02 to 2 GPa, in the same range as that of trabecular bone, thus, mitigating stress shielding. In-vitro assay displayed a statistically significant osteoblast growth from Day 1 to Day 3 in 58%, 61%, and 64% porosity scaffolds. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-10T10:16:58Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-43852ae3cc46410fb43a2b6bf6dc9f2b |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 0264-1275 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-10T10:16:58Z |
| publishDate | 2022-08-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Materials & Design |
| spelling | doaj.art-43852ae3cc46410fb43a2b6bf6dc9f2b2022-12-22T01:52:59ZengElsevierMaterials & Design0264-12752022-08-01220110857A novel method to design biomimetic, 3D printable stochastic scaffolds with controlled porosity for bone tissue engineeringSusheem Kanwar0Oraib Al-Ketan1Sanjairaj Vijayavenkataraman2The Vijay Lab, Division of Engineering, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates; Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Tandon School of Engineering, New York University, Brooklyn, NY 11201, USACore Technology Platforms (CTP), New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab EmiratesThe Vijay Lab, Division of Engineering, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates; Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Tandon School of Engineering, New York University, Brooklyn, NY 11201, USA; Corresponding author at: The Vijay Lab, Division of Engineering, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.Periodic cellular materials such as body-centered cubic, face-centered cubic, and triply periodic minimal surfaces, have been used to construct scaffolds for bone tissue engineering. Their use is suboptimal for reasons like stress concentration at nodes, and/or poor anisotropy. Stochastic structures can mimic the bone microarchitecture with anisotropic mechanical properties. While several methods exist for generating stochastic structures, they face limitations like being computationally expensive, complex, or only applicable in specific cases. In this work, scaffolds are created using level set equations which permit spatially controllable porosity. A 3D volume is populated with random nodes, which segment the 3D volume into subdomains. Each subdomain is occupied with a basic architecture generated through level-set equations. All the architectures in the subdomains are then smoothly integrated at sub-domain boundaries to form the stochastic scaffold. Stainless steel stochastic scaffolds with porosities from 58% to 70% were fabricated and their mechanical characteristics, as well as cell viability, was assessed. Young’s modulus of the scaffolds ranges from 0.02 to 2 GPa, in the same range as that of trabecular bone, thus, mitigating stress shielding. In-vitro assay displayed a statistically significant osteoblast growth from Day 1 to Day 3 in 58%, 61%, and 64% porosity scaffolds.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0264127522004798Stochastic scaffoldBoneBiomimicryBone implantTissue engineeringStress shielding |
| spellingShingle | Susheem Kanwar Oraib Al-Ketan Sanjairaj Vijayavenkataraman A novel method to design biomimetic, 3D printable stochastic scaffolds with controlled porosity for bone tissue engineering Materials & Design Stochastic scaffold Bone Biomimicry Bone implant Tissue engineering Stress shielding |
| title | A novel method to design biomimetic, 3D printable stochastic scaffolds with controlled porosity for bone tissue engineering |
| title_full | A novel method to design biomimetic, 3D printable stochastic scaffolds with controlled porosity for bone tissue engineering |
| title_fullStr | A novel method to design biomimetic, 3D printable stochastic scaffolds with controlled porosity for bone tissue engineering |
| title_full_unstemmed | A novel method to design biomimetic, 3D printable stochastic scaffolds with controlled porosity for bone tissue engineering |
| title_short | A novel method to design biomimetic, 3D printable stochastic scaffolds with controlled porosity for bone tissue engineering |
| title_sort | novel method to design biomimetic 3d printable stochastic scaffolds with controlled porosity for bone tissue engineering |
| topic | Stochastic scaffold Bone Biomimicry Bone implant Tissue engineering Stress shielding |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0264127522004798 |
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