The prevalence of chronic kidney disease among type 2 diabetes mellitus patients in central South Africa
Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a leading cause of chronic kidney disease (CKD). The prevalence of CKD among T2DM patients in Africa is 22.0%. The cut-off age for dialysing diabetic patients in the resource-limited state sector in South Africa is 50 years. Type 2 diabetes mellitus pat...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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AOSIS
2023-05-01
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| Series: | South African Family Practice |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://safpj.co.za/index.php/safpj/article/view/5663 |
| _version_ | 1797788724297203712 |
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| author | William Mhundwa Gina Joubert Thabiso R. Mofokeng |
| author_facet | William Mhundwa Gina Joubert Thabiso R. Mofokeng |
| author_sort | William Mhundwa |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a leading cause of chronic kidney disease (CKD). The prevalence of CKD among T2DM patients in Africa is 22.0%. The cut-off age for dialysing diabetic patients in the resource-limited state sector in South Africa is 50 years. Type 2 diabetes mellitus patients who develop CKD are likely to be excluded from chronic dialysis and rely on control of risk factors, including blood pressure and blood glucose levels, to prevent CKD progression. We aimed to determine the prevalence of CKD among T2DM patients attending the diabetes clinic at Pelonomi Academic Hospital, Bloemfontein.
Methods: In this retrospective cross-sectional study, medical records of patients (January 2016 and December 2018) were reviewed to collect demographic and clinical information.
Results: In total, 244 records were reviewed. Sixty-one (25.0%, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 20% – 30.8%) T2DM patients had CKD. The rate of CKD was slightly higher in males (n = 24/81; 29.6%) compared with females (n = 37/163; 22.7%). Most patients with CKD (n = 58; 95.1%) were 50 years of age. Only 17.8% of patients achieved a glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c) of 7.0%. Blood pressure was controlled in 14.3% of hypertensive patients. Renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system inhibitors were used by 78.6% of patients.
Conclusion: A high prevalence of clinically significant CKD among T2DM patients with poor prospects of chronic dialysis in a resource-limited setting was observed. The risk factors for CKD development and progression should be adequately managed in T2DM patients.
Contribution: This study emphasises the need for further research and innovation to improve outcomes of T2DM patients with CKD in resource-constrained settings. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-13T01:40:34Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-4386bcad0fca4fed99a47e19015b7f42 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2078-6190 2078-6204 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-13T01:40:34Z |
| publishDate | 2023-05-01 |
| publisher | AOSIS |
| record_format | Article |
| series | South African Family Practice |
| spelling | doaj.art-4386bcad0fca4fed99a47e19015b7f422023-07-03T14:07:41ZengAOSISSouth African Family Practice2078-61902078-62042023-05-01651e1e610.4102/safp.v65i1.56634336The prevalence of chronic kidney disease among type 2 diabetes mellitus patients in central South AfricaWilliam Mhundwa0Gina Joubert1Thabiso R. Mofokeng2Department of Internal Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Free State, BloemfonteinDepartment of Biostatistics, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Free State, BloemfonteinDepartment of Internal Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Free State, BloemfonteinBackground: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a leading cause of chronic kidney disease (CKD). The prevalence of CKD among T2DM patients in Africa is 22.0%. The cut-off age for dialysing diabetic patients in the resource-limited state sector in South Africa is 50 years. Type 2 diabetes mellitus patients who develop CKD are likely to be excluded from chronic dialysis and rely on control of risk factors, including blood pressure and blood glucose levels, to prevent CKD progression. We aimed to determine the prevalence of CKD among T2DM patients attending the diabetes clinic at Pelonomi Academic Hospital, Bloemfontein. Methods: In this retrospective cross-sectional study, medical records of patients (January 2016 and December 2018) were reviewed to collect demographic and clinical information. Results: In total, 244 records were reviewed. Sixty-one (25.0%, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 20% – 30.8%) T2DM patients had CKD. The rate of CKD was slightly higher in males (n = 24/81; 29.6%) compared with females (n = 37/163; 22.7%). Most patients with CKD (n = 58; 95.1%) were 50 years of age. Only 17.8% of patients achieved a glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c) of 7.0%. Blood pressure was controlled in 14.3% of hypertensive patients. Renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system inhibitors were used by 78.6% of patients. Conclusion: A high prevalence of clinically significant CKD among T2DM patients with poor prospects of chronic dialysis in a resource-limited setting was observed. The risk factors for CKD development and progression should be adequately managed in T2DM patients. Contribution: This study emphasises the need for further research and innovation to improve outcomes of T2DM patients with CKD in resource-constrained settings.https://safpj.co.za/index.php/safpj/article/view/5663chronic kidney diseasetype 2 diabetes mellitusend-stage renal diseasediabetic kidney diseaserisk factorscontrolalbuminuriarenin-angiotensin-aldosterone system |
| spellingShingle | William Mhundwa Gina Joubert Thabiso R. Mofokeng The prevalence of chronic kidney disease among type 2 diabetes mellitus patients in central South Africa South African Family Practice chronic kidney disease type 2 diabetes mellitus end-stage renal disease diabetic kidney disease risk factors control albuminuria renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system |
| title | The prevalence of chronic kidney disease among type 2 diabetes mellitus patients in central South Africa |
| title_full | The prevalence of chronic kidney disease among type 2 diabetes mellitus patients in central South Africa |
| title_fullStr | The prevalence of chronic kidney disease among type 2 diabetes mellitus patients in central South Africa |
| title_full_unstemmed | The prevalence of chronic kidney disease among type 2 diabetes mellitus patients in central South Africa |
| title_short | The prevalence of chronic kidney disease among type 2 diabetes mellitus patients in central South Africa |
| title_sort | prevalence of chronic kidney disease among type 2 diabetes mellitus patients in central south africa |
| topic | chronic kidney disease type 2 diabetes mellitus end-stage renal disease diabetic kidney disease risk factors control albuminuria renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system |
| url | https://safpj.co.za/index.php/safpj/article/view/5663 |
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