Process response of Inconel 718 to wire + arc additive manufacturing with cold metal transfer
Wire + arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) with cold metal transfer (CMT) process can reduce cost and lead time during the production of large-scale Ni-based components used in the transportation and energy sector. This paper investigates the effects of processing parameters and heat treatments employ...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2020-10-01
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| Series: | Materials & Design |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0264127520305669 |
| _version_ | 1819006359411097600 |
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| author | Renan Medeiros Kindermann M.J. Roy R. Morana Philip B. Prangnell |
| author_facet | Renan Medeiros Kindermann M.J. Roy R. Morana Philip B. Prangnell |
| author_sort | Renan Medeiros Kindermann |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Wire + arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) with cold metal transfer (CMT) process can reduce cost and lead time during the production of large-scale Ni-based components used in the transportation and energy sector. This paper investigates the effects of processing parameters and heat treatments employed on CMT-WAAM of a precipitation hardenable Ni-based alloy – Inconel 718. The process stability was analysed by electrical transients and melt pool imaging, showing an opposite trend to the measured heat inputs. A 1.2 mm diameter wire permitted deposition widths of 5.92–13.15 mm, but widths larger than ~10 mm decreased the arc stability considerably. Laves length and carbide diameter decreased with travel speed, while the as-deposited hardness increased. These observations permitted a linear wall to be fabricated with a minimal heat input per layer of 181–185 J/mm. An increase in the solution treatment temperature from 980 to 1040 °C reduced microsegregation, Laves and δ phase precipitation. Localised regions with high microhardness were found near interlayer regions due to a local dissolution of Nb-rich eutectic phases. Compared to powder-based additive manufacturing, CMT-WAAM IN718 exhibits a larger melt pool size and lower as-deposited hardness, but has been found to show satisfactory ageing response and similar Laves phase area fraction. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-21T00:07:26Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-43876f8f95a3425c8fef5e5163227373 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 0264-1275 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-21T00:07:26Z |
| publishDate | 2020-10-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Materials & Design |
| spelling | doaj.art-43876f8f95a3425c8fef5e51632273732022-12-21T19:22:26ZengElsevierMaterials & Design0264-12752020-10-01195109031Process response of Inconel 718 to wire + arc additive manufacturing with cold metal transferRenan Medeiros Kindermann0M.J. Roy1R. Morana2Philip B. Prangnell3Department of Mechanical, Aerospace and Civil Engineering, University of Manchester, M13 9PL, UK; Corresponding author.Department of Mechanical, Aerospace and Civil Engineering, University of Manchester, M13 9PL, UK; Henry Royce Institute, University of Manchester, M13 9PL, UKBP Exploration, Sunbury-on-Thames, TW16 7LN, UKDepartment of Materials, University of Manchester, M13 9PL, UK; Henry Royce Institute, University of Manchester, M13 9PL, UKWire + arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) with cold metal transfer (CMT) process can reduce cost and lead time during the production of large-scale Ni-based components used in the transportation and energy sector. This paper investigates the effects of processing parameters and heat treatments employed on CMT-WAAM of a precipitation hardenable Ni-based alloy – Inconel 718. The process stability was analysed by electrical transients and melt pool imaging, showing an opposite trend to the measured heat inputs. A 1.2 mm diameter wire permitted deposition widths of 5.92–13.15 mm, but widths larger than ~10 mm decreased the arc stability considerably. Laves length and carbide diameter decreased with travel speed, while the as-deposited hardness increased. These observations permitted a linear wall to be fabricated with a minimal heat input per layer of 181–185 J/mm. An increase in the solution treatment temperature from 980 to 1040 °C reduced microsegregation, Laves and δ phase precipitation. Localised regions with high microhardness were found near interlayer regions due to a local dissolution of Nb-rich eutectic phases. Compared to powder-based additive manufacturing, CMT-WAAM IN718 exhibits a larger melt pool size and lower as-deposited hardness, but has been found to show satisfactory ageing response and similar Laves phase area fraction.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0264127520305669Additive manufacturingNickel alloysProcess stabilityMicrostructureHardnessHeat treatment |
| spellingShingle | Renan Medeiros Kindermann M.J. Roy R. Morana Philip B. Prangnell Process response of Inconel 718 to wire + arc additive manufacturing with cold metal transfer Materials & Design Additive manufacturing Nickel alloys Process stability Microstructure Hardness Heat treatment |
| title | Process response of Inconel 718 to wire + arc additive manufacturing with cold metal transfer |
| title_full | Process response of Inconel 718 to wire + arc additive manufacturing with cold metal transfer |
| title_fullStr | Process response of Inconel 718 to wire + arc additive manufacturing with cold metal transfer |
| title_full_unstemmed | Process response of Inconel 718 to wire + arc additive manufacturing with cold metal transfer |
| title_short | Process response of Inconel 718 to wire + arc additive manufacturing with cold metal transfer |
| title_sort | process response of inconel 718 to wire arc additive manufacturing with cold metal transfer |
| topic | Additive manufacturing Nickel alloys Process stability Microstructure Hardness Heat treatment |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0264127520305669 |
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