Analysis of Identified Particle Transverse Momentum Spectra Produced in <i>pp</i>, <i>p</i>–Pb and Pb–Pb Collisions at the LHC Using TP-like Function
In the framework of a multi-source thermal model at the partonic level, we have analyzed transverse momentum spectra of hadrons measured by the ALICE Collaboration in proton–proton (<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><...
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MDPI AG
2022-07-01
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| Series: | Symmetry |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/14/8/1530 |
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| author | Pei-Pin Yang Mai-Ying Duan Fu-Hu Liu Raghunath Sahoo |
| author_facet | Pei-Pin Yang Mai-Ying Duan Fu-Hu Liu Raghunath Sahoo |
| author_sort | Pei-Pin Yang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In the framework of a multi-source thermal model at the partonic level, we have analyzed transverse momentum spectra of hadrons measured by the ALICE Collaboration in proton–proton (<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mi>p</mi><mi>p</mi></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> or <i>p</i>–<i>p</i>) collisions at the center-of-mass energy of <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msqrt><mi>s</mi></msqrt><mo>=</mo><mn>7</mn></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> and 13 TeV, proton–lead (<i>p</i>–Pb) collisions at <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msqrt><msub><mi>s</mi><mrow><mi>N</mi><mi>N</mi></mrow></msub></msqrt><mo>=</mo><mn>5.02</mn></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> TeV, and lead–lead (Pb–Pb) collisions at <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msqrt><msub><mi>s</mi><mrow><mi>N</mi><mi>N</mi></mrow></msub></msqrt><mo>=</mo><mn>2.76</mn></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> TeV. For mesons (baryons), the contributions of two (three) constituent quarks are considered, in which each quark contributes to hadron transverse momentum to obey the revised phenomenological Tsallis transverse momentum distribution for Maxwell–Boltzmann particles (the TP-like function, in short) with isotropic random azimuthal angles. Three main parameters, namely, the revised index <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msub><mi>a</mi><mn>0</mn></msub></semantics></math></inline-formula>, effective temperature <i>T</i>, and entropy-related index <i>n</i>, are obtained, showing the same tendency for both small and large systems with respect to the centrality (or multiplicity) of events, the rest mass of hadrons, and the constituent mass of quarks. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T03:47:16Z |
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| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T03:47:16Z |
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| spelling | doaj.art-438786abbbe74d96aac03634528c41a32023-12-03T14:32:39ZengMDPI AGSymmetry2073-89942022-07-01148153010.3390/sym14081530Analysis of Identified Particle Transverse Momentum Spectra Produced in <i>pp</i>, <i>p</i>–Pb and Pb–Pb Collisions at the LHC Using TP-like FunctionPei-Pin Yang0Mai-Ying Duan1Fu-Hu Liu2Raghunath Sahoo3State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Institute of Theoretical Physics, College of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Institute of Theoretical Physics, College of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Institute of Theoretical Physics, College of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, ChinaDepartment of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore 453552, IndiaIn the framework of a multi-source thermal model at the partonic level, we have analyzed transverse momentum spectra of hadrons measured by the ALICE Collaboration in proton–proton (<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mi>p</mi><mi>p</mi></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> or <i>p</i>–<i>p</i>) collisions at the center-of-mass energy of <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msqrt><mi>s</mi></msqrt><mo>=</mo><mn>7</mn></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> and 13 TeV, proton–lead (<i>p</i>–Pb) collisions at <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msqrt><msub><mi>s</mi><mrow><mi>N</mi><mi>N</mi></mrow></msub></msqrt><mo>=</mo><mn>5.02</mn></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> TeV, and lead–lead (Pb–Pb) collisions at <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msqrt><msub><mi>s</mi><mrow><mi>N</mi><mi>N</mi></mrow></msub></msqrt><mo>=</mo><mn>2.76</mn></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> TeV. For mesons (baryons), the contributions of two (three) constituent quarks are considered, in which each quark contributes to hadron transverse momentum to obey the revised phenomenological Tsallis transverse momentum distribution for Maxwell–Boltzmann particles (the TP-like function, in short) with isotropic random azimuthal angles. Three main parameters, namely, the revised index <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msub><mi>a</mi><mn>0</mn></msub></semantics></math></inline-formula>, effective temperature <i>T</i>, and entropy-related index <i>n</i>, are obtained, showing the same tendency for both small and large systems with respect to the centrality (or multiplicity) of events, the rest mass of hadrons, and the constituent mass of quarks.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/14/8/1530transverse momentum spectraphenomenological Tsallis transverse momentum distributionconstituent quarksproton–proton collisionsheavy-ion collisions |
| spellingShingle | Pei-Pin Yang Mai-Ying Duan Fu-Hu Liu Raghunath Sahoo Analysis of Identified Particle Transverse Momentum Spectra Produced in <i>pp</i>, <i>p</i>–Pb and Pb–Pb Collisions at the LHC Using TP-like Function Symmetry transverse momentum spectra phenomenological Tsallis transverse momentum distribution constituent quarks proton–proton collisions heavy-ion collisions |
| title | Analysis of Identified Particle Transverse Momentum Spectra Produced in <i>pp</i>, <i>p</i>–Pb and Pb–Pb Collisions at the LHC Using TP-like Function |
| title_full | Analysis of Identified Particle Transverse Momentum Spectra Produced in <i>pp</i>, <i>p</i>–Pb and Pb–Pb Collisions at the LHC Using TP-like Function |
| title_fullStr | Analysis of Identified Particle Transverse Momentum Spectra Produced in <i>pp</i>, <i>p</i>–Pb and Pb–Pb Collisions at the LHC Using TP-like Function |
| title_full_unstemmed | Analysis of Identified Particle Transverse Momentum Spectra Produced in <i>pp</i>, <i>p</i>–Pb and Pb–Pb Collisions at the LHC Using TP-like Function |
| title_short | Analysis of Identified Particle Transverse Momentum Spectra Produced in <i>pp</i>, <i>p</i>–Pb and Pb–Pb Collisions at the LHC Using TP-like Function |
| title_sort | analysis of identified particle transverse momentum spectra produced in i pp i i p i pb and pb pb collisions at the lhc using tp like function |
| topic | transverse momentum spectra phenomenological Tsallis transverse momentum distribution constituent quarks proton–proton collisions heavy-ion collisions |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/14/8/1530 |
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