Boron Excess Imbalances Root/Shoot Allometry, Photosynthetic and Chlorophyll Fluorescence Parameters and Sugar Metabolism in Apple Plants
Boron (B) excess frequently impair plant performances and their productivity; in particular in arid and semi-arid environments. In the present experiment; hydroponically-grown ‘Granny Smith’ apple plants grafted on M9 rootstock were treated with optimal (25 μΜ)...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2019-11-01
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| Series: | Agronomy |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/9/11/731 |
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| author | Alexia Oikonomou Evangelia-Vasiliki Ladikou Georgia Chatziperou Theoni Margaritopoulou Marco Landi Thomas Sotiropoulos Fabrizio Araniti Ioannis E. Papadakis |
| author_facet | Alexia Oikonomou Evangelia-Vasiliki Ladikou Georgia Chatziperou Theoni Margaritopoulou Marco Landi Thomas Sotiropoulos Fabrizio Araniti Ioannis E. Papadakis |
| author_sort | Alexia Oikonomou |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Boron (B) excess frequently impair plant performances and their productivity; in particular in arid and semi-arid environments. In the present experiment; hydroponically-grown ‘Granny Smith’ apple plants grafted on M9 rootstock were treated with optimal (25 μΜ) or excess (400 μΜ) B for 116 days to evaluate allometric responses of plants to B toxicity and to highlight physiological (photosynthesis and chlorophyll fluorescence) and biochemical (pigment content and sugar metabolism) responses of apple plants to B excess. Boron accumulated principally in top > middle > basal stems and leaves of high-B-stressed plants. Notably, the stem dramatically accumulated a higher level of B, as an attempt to preserve leaves, especially the youngest from further B accumulation. B accumulation seriously affected photosynthesis of younger leaves and caused both stomata (reduced stomatal conductance) and biochemical (reduction of apparent CO<sub>2</sub> use efficiency and pigment content) limitations and altered the photochemistry and energy partitioning in photosystem II. Boron excess altered leaf sugar proportion; increasing the accumulation of non-translocating sugars such as glucose and fructose. Our dataset adds knowledge on the effect of B excess in apple tree and poses serious concerns about the possible effect of B in altering sugar metabolism; which, in turn, can strongly affect fruit production of this worldwide-cropped species. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-13T13:42:24Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-438ddd4952044b3db6fe17a6612ea502 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4395 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-13T13:42:24Z |
| publishDate | 2019-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Agronomy |
| spelling | doaj.art-438ddd4952044b3db6fe17a6612ea5022022-12-21T23:43:32ZengMDPI AGAgronomy2073-43952019-11-0191173110.3390/agronomy9110731agronomy9110731Boron Excess Imbalances Root/Shoot Allometry, Photosynthetic and Chlorophyll Fluorescence Parameters and Sugar Metabolism in Apple PlantsAlexia Oikonomou0Evangelia-Vasiliki Ladikou1Georgia Chatziperou2Theoni Margaritopoulou3Marco Landi4Thomas Sotiropoulos5Fabrizio Araniti6Ioannis E. Papadakis7Laboratory of Pomology, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 11855 Athens, GreeceLaboratory of Pomology, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 11855 Athens, GreeceLaboratory of Pomology, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 11855 Athens, GreeceLaboratory of Mycology, Department of Phytopathology, Benaki Phytopathological Institute, St. Delta 8, 14561 Kifisia, GreeceDepartment of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, ItalyDepartment of Deciduous Fruit Trees, Institute of Plant Breeding and Genetic Resources, Hellenic Agricultural Organization 'Demeter' R.R. Naoussas 38, 59035 Naoussa, GreeceDipartimento AGRARIA, Università Mediterranea di Reggio Calabria, 89124 Reggio Calabria, ItalyLaboratory of Pomology, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 11855 Athens, GreeceBoron (B) excess frequently impair plant performances and their productivity; in particular in arid and semi-arid environments. In the present experiment; hydroponically-grown ‘Granny Smith’ apple plants grafted on M9 rootstock were treated with optimal (25 μΜ) or excess (400 μΜ) B for 116 days to evaluate allometric responses of plants to B toxicity and to highlight physiological (photosynthesis and chlorophyll fluorescence) and biochemical (pigment content and sugar metabolism) responses of apple plants to B excess. Boron accumulated principally in top > middle > basal stems and leaves of high-B-stressed plants. Notably, the stem dramatically accumulated a higher level of B, as an attempt to preserve leaves, especially the youngest from further B accumulation. B accumulation seriously affected photosynthesis of younger leaves and caused both stomata (reduced stomatal conductance) and biochemical (reduction of apparent CO<sub>2</sub> use efficiency and pigment content) limitations and altered the photochemistry and energy partitioning in photosystem II. Boron excess altered leaf sugar proportion; increasing the accumulation of non-translocating sugars such as glucose and fructose. Our dataset adds knowledge on the effect of B excess in apple tree and poses serious concerns about the possible effect of B in altering sugar metabolism; which, in turn, can strongly affect fruit production of this worldwide-cropped species.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/9/11/731boron excessboron partitioningchlorophyll fluorescencegas exchangesugar metabolismpolyol-producing speciesrootstock |
| spellingShingle | Alexia Oikonomou Evangelia-Vasiliki Ladikou Georgia Chatziperou Theoni Margaritopoulou Marco Landi Thomas Sotiropoulos Fabrizio Araniti Ioannis E. Papadakis Boron Excess Imbalances Root/Shoot Allometry, Photosynthetic and Chlorophyll Fluorescence Parameters and Sugar Metabolism in Apple Plants Agronomy boron excess boron partitioning chlorophyll fluorescence gas exchange sugar metabolism polyol-producing species rootstock |
| title | Boron Excess Imbalances Root/Shoot Allometry, Photosynthetic and Chlorophyll Fluorescence Parameters and Sugar Metabolism in Apple Plants |
| title_full | Boron Excess Imbalances Root/Shoot Allometry, Photosynthetic and Chlorophyll Fluorescence Parameters and Sugar Metabolism in Apple Plants |
| title_fullStr | Boron Excess Imbalances Root/Shoot Allometry, Photosynthetic and Chlorophyll Fluorescence Parameters and Sugar Metabolism in Apple Plants |
| title_full_unstemmed | Boron Excess Imbalances Root/Shoot Allometry, Photosynthetic and Chlorophyll Fluorescence Parameters and Sugar Metabolism in Apple Plants |
| title_short | Boron Excess Imbalances Root/Shoot Allometry, Photosynthetic and Chlorophyll Fluorescence Parameters and Sugar Metabolism in Apple Plants |
| title_sort | boron excess imbalances root shoot allometry photosynthetic and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters and sugar metabolism in apple plants |
| topic | boron excess boron partitioning chlorophyll fluorescence gas exchange sugar metabolism polyol-producing species rootstock |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/9/11/731 |
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