Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells in Aortic Aneurysm: From Genetics to Mechanisms
Aortic aneurysm, including thoracic aortic aneurysm and abdominal aortic aneurysm, is the second most prevalent aortic disease following atherosclerosis, representing the ninth‐leading cause of death globally. Open surgery and endovascular procedures are the major treatments for aortic aneurysm. Typ...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Wiley
2021-12-01
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| Series: | Journal of the American Heart Association: Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Disease |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/JAHA.121.023601 |
| _version_ | 1797945392406462464 |
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| author | Haocheng Lu Wa Du Lu Ren Milton H. Hamblin Richard C. Becker Y. Eugene Chen Yanbo Fan |
| author_facet | Haocheng Lu Wa Du Lu Ren Milton H. Hamblin Richard C. Becker Y. Eugene Chen Yanbo Fan |
| author_sort | Haocheng Lu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Aortic aneurysm, including thoracic aortic aneurysm and abdominal aortic aneurysm, is the second most prevalent aortic disease following atherosclerosis, representing the ninth‐leading cause of death globally. Open surgery and endovascular procedures are the major treatments for aortic aneurysm. Typically, thoracic aortic aneurysm has a more robust genetic background than abdominal aortic aneurysm. Abdominal aortic aneurysm shares many features with thoracic aortic aneurysm, including loss of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), extracellular matrix degradation and inflammation. Although there are limitations to perfectly recapitulating all features of human aortic aneurysm, experimental models provide valuable tools to understand the molecular mechanisms and test novel therapies before human clinical trials. Among the cell types involved in aortic aneurysm development, VSMC dysfunction correlates with loss of aortic wall structural integrity. Here, we discuss the role of VSMCs in aortic aneurysm development. The loss of VSMCs, VSMC phenotypic switching, secretion of inflammatory cytokines, increased matrix metalloproteinase activity, elevated reactive oxygen species, defective autophagy, and increased senescence contribute to aortic aneurysm development. Further studies on aortic aneurysm pathogenesis and elucidation of the underlying signaling pathways are necessary to identify more novel targets for treating this prevalent and clinical impactful disease. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-10T20:54:27Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-4395fd6a17864704ad47c4589d0946c4 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2047-9980 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-10T20:54:27Z |
| publishDate | 2021-12-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of the American Heart Association: Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Disease |
| spelling | doaj.art-4395fd6a17864704ad47c4589d0946c42023-01-23T07:23:59ZengWileyJournal of the American Heart Association: Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Disease2047-99802021-12-01102410.1161/JAHA.121.023601Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells in Aortic Aneurysm: From Genetics to MechanismsHaocheng Lu0Wa Du1Lu Ren2Milton H. Hamblin3Richard C. Becker4Y. Eugene Chen5Yanbo Fan6Department of Internal Medicine Cardiovascular Center University of Michigan Medical Center Ann Arbor MIDepartment of Cancer Biology University of Cincinnati College of Medicine Cincinnati OHDepartment of Cancer Biology University of Cincinnati College of Medicine Cincinnati OHDepartment of Pharmacology Tulane University School of Medicine New Orleans LADivision of Cardiovascular Health and Disease Department of Internal Medicine University of Cincinnati College of Medicine Cincinnati OHDepartment of Internal Medicine Cardiovascular Center University of Michigan Medical Center Ann Arbor MIDepartment of Cancer Biology University of Cincinnati College of Medicine Cincinnati OHAortic aneurysm, including thoracic aortic aneurysm and abdominal aortic aneurysm, is the second most prevalent aortic disease following atherosclerosis, representing the ninth‐leading cause of death globally. Open surgery and endovascular procedures are the major treatments for aortic aneurysm. Typically, thoracic aortic aneurysm has a more robust genetic background than abdominal aortic aneurysm. Abdominal aortic aneurysm shares many features with thoracic aortic aneurysm, including loss of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), extracellular matrix degradation and inflammation. Although there are limitations to perfectly recapitulating all features of human aortic aneurysm, experimental models provide valuable tools to understand the molecular mechanisms and test novel therapies before human clinical trials. Among the cell types involved in aortic aneurysm development, VSMC dysfunction correlates with loss of aortic wall structural integrity. Here, we discuss the role of VSMCs in aortic aneurysm development. The loss of VSMCs, VSMC phenotypic switching, secretion of inflammatory cytokines, increased matrix metalloproteinase activity, elevated reactive oxygen species, defective autophagy, and increased senescence contribute to aortic aneurysm development. Further studies on aortic aneurysm pathogenesis and elucidation of the underlying signaling pathways are necessary to identify more novel targets for treating this prevalent and clinical impactful disease.https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/JAHA.121.023601aortic aneurysmgeneticsmechanismvascular smooth muscle cell |
| spellingShingle | Haocheng Lu Wa Du Lu Ren Milton H. Hamblin Richard C. Becker Y. Eugene Chen Yanbo Fan Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells in Aortic Aneurysm: From Genetics to Mechanisms Journal of the American Heart Association: Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Disease aortic aneurysm genetics mechanism vascular smooth muscle cell |
| title | Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells in Aortic Aneurysm: From Genetics to Mechanisms |
| title_full | Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells in Aortic Aneurysm: From Genetics to Mechanisms |
| title_fullStr | Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells in Aortic Aneurysm: From Genetics to Mechanisms |
| title_full_unstemmed | Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells in Aortic Aneurysm: From Genetics to Mechanisms |
| title_short | Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells in Aortic Aneurysm: From Genetics to Mechanisms |
| title_sort | vascular smooth muscle cells in aortic aneurysm from genetics to mechanisms |
| topic | aortic aneurysm genetics mechanism vascular smooth muscle cell |
| url | https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/JAHA.121.023601 |
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