Risk Assessment Considering the Bioavailability of 3-β-<span style="font-variant: small-caps">d</span>-Glucosides of Deoxynivalenol and Nivalenol through Food Intake in Korea
Deoxynivalenol and nivalenol are major type B trichothecenes and the most frequently occurring mycotoxins worldwide. Their 3-β-<span style="font-variant: small-caps;">d</span>-glucoside forms have recently become a safety management issue. These glucoside conjugates are convert...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-07-01
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| Series: | Toxins |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/15/7/460 |
| _version_ | 1797587292972384256 |
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| author | Sang Yoo Lee Solyi Cho So Young Woo Myungsil Hwang Hyang Sook Chun |
| author_facet | Sang Yoo Lee Solyi Cho So Young Woo Myungsil Hwang Hyang Sook Chun |
| author_sort | Sang Yoo Lee |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Deoxynivalenol and nivalenol are major type B trichothecenes and the most frequently occurring mycotoxins worldwide. Their 3-β-<span style="font-variant: small-caps;">d</span>-glucoside forms have recently become a safety management issue. These glucoside conjugates are converted back to the parent toxins during human digestion, but studies to confirm their bioavailability are lacking. In this study, a risk assessment was performed considering the bioavailability of glucoside conjugates. A literature review was conducted to compile the existing bioavailability studies of glucoside conjugates, and three exposure scenarios considering bioavailability were established. As a result of a risk assessment using deterministic and probabilistic methods, both the deoxynivalenol and nivalenol groups had safe levels of tolerable daily intake percentage (TDI%), not exceeding 100%. The TDI% for the nivalenol group was approximately 2–3 times higher than that for the deoxynivalenol group. Notably, infants showed higher TDI% than adults for both toxin groups. By food processing type, the overall TDI% was highest for raw material, followed by simple-processed and then fermented-processed. Since glucoside conjugates can be converted into parent toxins during the digestion process, a risk assessment considering bioavailability allows the more accurate evaluation of the risk level of glucoside conjugates and can direct their safety management in the future. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T00:35:05Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-439f908e773c4905905eb78e6ff380c9 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-6651 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T00:35:05Z |
| publishDate | 2023-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Toxins |
| spelling | doaj.art-439f908e773c4905905eb78e6ff380c92023-11-18T21:38:30ZengMDPI AGToxins2072-66512023-07-0115746010.3390/toxins15070460Risk Assessment Considering the Bioavailability of 3-β-<span style="font-variant: small-caps">d</span>-Glucosides of Deoxynivalenol and Nivalenol through Food Intake in KoreaSang Yoo Lee0Solyi Cho1So Young Woo2Myungsil Hwang3Hyang Sook Chun4Food Toxicology Laboratory, School of Food Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, Republic of KoreaFood Toxicology Laboratory, School of Food Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, Republic of KoreaFood Toxicology Laboratory, School of Food Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Food & Nutrition, Gachon University, Incheon 21936, Republic of KoreaFood Toxicology Laboratory, School of Food Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, Republic of KoreaDeoxynivalenol and nivalenol are major type B trichothecenes and the most frequently occurring mycotoxins worldwide. Their 3-β-<span style="font-variant: small-caps;">d</span>-glucoside forms have recently become a safety management issue. These glucoside conjugates are converted back to the parent toxins during human digestion, but studies to confirm their bioavailability are lacking. In this study, a risk assessment was performed considering the bioavailability of glucoside conjugates. A literature review was conducted to compile the existing bioavailability studies of glucoside conjugates, and three exposure scenarios considering bioavailability were established. As a result of a risk assessment using deterministic and probabilistic methods, both the deoxynivalenol and nivalenol groups had safe levels of tolerable daily intake percentage (TDI%), not exceeding 100%. The TDI% for the nivalenol group was approximately 2–3 times higher than that for the deoxynivalenol group. Notably, infants showed higher TDI% than adults for both toxin groups. By food processing type, the overall TDI% was highest for raw material, followed by simple-processed and then fermented-processed. Since glucoside conjugates can be converted into parent toxins during the digestion process, a risk assessment considering bioavailability allows the more accurate evaluation of the risk level of glucoside conjugates and can direct their safety management in the future.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/15/7/460type B trichothecenemodified mycotoxinexposureglucoside conjugate |
| spellingShingle | Sang Yoo Lee Solyi Cho So Young Woo Myungsil Hwang Hyang Sook Chun Risk Assessment Considering the Bioavailability of 3-β-<span style="font-variant: small-caps">d</span>-Glucosides of Deoxynivalenol and Nivalenol through Food Intake in Korea Toxins type B trichothecene modified mycotoxin exposure glucoside conjugate |
| title | Risk Assessment Considering the Bioavailability of 3-β-<span style="font-variant: small-caps">d</span>-Glucosides of Deoxynivalenol and Nivalenol through Food Intake in Korea |
| title_full | Risk Assessment Considering the Bioavailability of 3-β-<span style="font-variant: small-caps">d</span>-Glucosides of Deoxynivalenol and Nivalenol through Food Intake in Korea |
| title_fullStr | Risk Assessment Considering the Bioavailability of 3-β-<span style="font-variant: small-caps">d</span>-Glucosides of Deoxynivalenol and Nivalenol through Food Intake in Korea |
| title_full_unstemmed | Risk Assessment Considering the Bioavailability of 3-β-<span style="font-variant: small-caps">d</span>-Glucosides of Deoxynivalenol and Nivalenol through Food Intake in Korea |
| title_short | Risk Assessment Considering the Bioavailability of 3-β-<span style="font-variant: small-caps">d</span>-Glucosides of Deoxynivalenol and Nivalenol through Food Intake in Korea |
| title_sort | risk assessment considering the bioavailability of 3 β span style font variant small caps d span glucosides of deoxynivalenol and nivalenol through food intake in korea |
| topic | type B trichothecene modified mycotoxin exposure glucoside conjugate |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/15/7/460 |
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