Ace-1 Target Site Status and Metabolic Detoxification Associated with Bendiocarb Resistance in the Field Populations of Main Malaria Vector, Anopheles stephensi in Iran
Background: Anopheles stephensi is the main vector of malaria in Iran. This study aimed to determine the susceptibility of An. stephensi from the south of Iran to bendiocarb and to investigate biochemical and molecular resistance mechanisms in this species. Methods: Wild An. stephensi were colle...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Tehran University of Medical Sciences
2024-02-01
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| Series: | Journal of Arthropod-Borne Diseases |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://jad.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jad/article/view/1624 |
| _version_ | 1797266343456669696 |
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| author | Abdollah Badzohre Mohammad Ali Oshaghi Ahmad Ali Enayati Seyed Hassan Moosa- Kazemi Seyed Hassan Nikookar Fahimeh Talebzadeh Nazanin Naseri-Karimi Ahmad Ali Hanafi-Bojd Hassan Vatandoost |
| author_facet | Abdollah Badzohre Mohammad Ali Oshaghi Ahmad Ali Enayati Seyed Hassan Moosa- Kazemi Seyed Hassan Nikookar Fahimeh Talebzadeh Nazanin Naseri-Karimi Ahmad Ali Hanafi-Bojd Hassan Vatandoost |
| author_sort | Abdollah Badzohre |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description |
Background: Anopheles stephensi is the main vector of malaria in Iran. This study aimed to determine the susceptibility of An. stephensi from the south of Iran to bendiocarb and to investigate biochemical and molecular resistance mechanisms in this species.
Methods: Wild An. stephensi were collected from Hormozgan Province and reared to the adult stage. The susceptibility test was conducted according to the WHO protocols using bendiocarb impregnated papers supplied by WHO. Also, field An. Stephensi specimens were collected from south of Kerman and Sistan and Baluchistan Provinces. To determine the G119S mutation in the acetylcholinesterase (Ace1) gene, PCR-RFLP using AluI restriction enzyme and PCR direct-sequencing were performed for the three field populations and compared with the available GenBank data. Also, biochemical assays were performed to measure alpha and beta esterases, insensitive acetylcholinesterase, and oxidases in the strains.
Results: The bioassay tests showed that the An. stephensi field strain was resistant to bendiocarb (mortality rate 89%). Ace1 gene analysis revealed no G119S in the three field populations. Blast search of sequences revealed 98–99% identity with the Ace1 gene from Pakistan and India respectively. Also, the results of biochemical tests revealed the high activity of non-sensitive acetylcholinesterase, alpha and beta-esterase in the resistant strain compared to the susceptible strain. No G119S was detected in this study additionally the enhanced enzyme activity of esterases and acetylcholinesterase suggesting that resistance was metabolic.
Conclusion: The use of alternative malaria control methods and the implementation of resistance management strategies are suggested in the study area.
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| first_indexed | 2024-04-25T00:59:11Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-43a6e8e2586c4e9f99989c5e0d497c12 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2322-1984 2322-2271 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-25T00:59:11Z |
| publishDate | 2024-02-01 |
| publisher | Tehran University of Medical Sciences |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Arthropod-Borne Diseases |
| spelling | doaj.art-43a6e8e2586c4e9f99989c5e0d497c122024-03-11T05:32:27ZengTehran University of Medical SciencesJournal of Arthropod-Borne Diseases2322-19842322-22712024-02-0117310.18502/jad.v17i3.14987Ace-1 Target Site Status and Metabolic Detoxification Associated with Bendiocarb Resistance in the Field Populations of Main Malaria Vector, Anopheles stephensi in IranAbdollah Badzohre0Mohammad Ali Oshaghi1Ahmad Ali Enayati2Seyed Hassan Moosa- Kazemi3Seyed Hassan Nikookar4Fahimeh Talebzadeh5Nazanin Naseri-Karimi6Ahmad Ali Hanafi-Bojd7Hassan Vatandoost8Department of Vector Biology and Control of Diseases, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranDepartment of Vector Biology and Control of Diseases, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranDepartment of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health and Health Sciences Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.Department of Vector Biology and Control of Diseases, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran3Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, Health Sciences Research Center, Addiction Institute, School of Public Health, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, IranDepartment of Vector Biology and Control of Diseases, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranDepartment of Vector Biology and Control of Diseases, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranDepartment of Vector Biology and Control of Diseases, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranDepartment of Vector Biology and Control of Diseases, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, Department of Chemical Pollutants and Pesticides, Institute of Environmental Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Background: Anopheles stephensi is the main vector of malaria in Iran. This study aimed to determine the susceptibility of An. stephensi from the south of Iran to bendiocarb and to investigate biochemical and molecular resistance mechanisms in this species. Methods: Wild An. stephensi were collected from Hormozgan Province and reared to the adult stage. The susceptibility test was conducted according to the WHO protocols using bendiocarb impregnated papers supplied by WHO. Also, field An. Stephensi specimens were collected from south of Kerman and Sistan and Baluchistan Provinces. To determine the G119S mutation in the acetylcholinesterase (Ace1) gene, PCR-RFLP using AluI restriction enzyme and PCR direct-sequencing were performed for the three field populations and compared with the available GenBank data. Also, biochemical assays were performed to measure alpha and beta esterases, insensitive acetylcholinesterase, and oxidases in the strains. Results: The bioassay tests showed that the An. stephensi field strain was resistant to bendiocarb (mortality rate 89%). Ace1 gene analysis revealed no G119S in the three field populations. Blast search of sequences revealed 98–99% identity with the Ace1 gene from Pakistan and India respectively. Also, the results of biochemical tests revealed the high activity of non-sensitive acetylcholinesterase, alpha and beta-esterase in the resistant strain compared to the susceptible strain. No G119S was detected in this study additionally the enhanced enzyme activity of esterases and acetylcholinesterase suggesting that resistance was metabolic. Conclusion: The use of alternative malaria control methods and the implementation of resistance management strategies are suggested in the study area. https://jad.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jad/article/view/1624Anopheles stephensi; Malaria; Insecticide resistance mechanism; Bendiocarb; Iran |
| spellingShingle | Abdollah Badzohre Mohammad Ali Oshaghi Ahmad Ali Enayati Seyed Hassan Moosa- Kazemi Seyed Hassan Nikookar Fahimeh Talebzadeh Nazanin Naseri-Karimi Ahmad Ali Hanafi-Bojd Hassan Vatandoost Ace-1 Target Site Status and Metabolic Detoxification Associated with Bendiocarb Resistance in the Field Populations of Main Malaria Vector, Anopheles stephensi in Iran Journal of Arthropod-Borne Diseases Anopheles stephensi; Malaria; Insecticide resistance mechanism; Bendiocarb; Iran |
| title | Ace-1 Target Site Status and Metabolic Detoxification Associated with Bendiocarb Resistance in the Field Populations of Main Malaria Vector, Anopheles stephensi in Iran |
| title_full | Ace-1 Target Site Status and Metabolic Detoxification Associated with Bendiocarb Resistance in the Field Populations of Main Malaria Vector, Anopheles stephensi in Iran |
| title_fullStr | Ace-1 Target Site Status and Metabolic Detoxification Associated with Bendiocarb Resistance in the Field Populations of Main Malaria Vector, Anopheles stephensi in Iran |
| title_full_unstemmed | Ace-1 Target Site Status and Metabolic Detoxification Associated with Bendiocarb Resistance in the Field Populations of Main Malaria Vector, Anopheles stephensi in Iran |
| title_short | Ace-1 Target Site Status and Metabolic Detoxification Associated with Bendiocarb Resistance in the Field Populations of Main Malaria Vector, Anopheles stephensi in Iran |
| title_sort | ace 1 target site status and metabolic detoxification associated with bendiocarb resistance in the field populations of main malaria vector anopheles stephensi in iran |
| topic | Anopheles stephensi; Malaria; Insecticide resistance mechanism; Bendiocarb; Iran |
| url | https://jad.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jad/article/view/1624 |
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