Estimating the Intra-taxa Diversity, Population Genetic Structure, and Evolutionary Pathways of Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii
Members of the Cryptococcus complex, includes Cryptococcus neoformans (most common fungal infection of the brain) and Cryptococcus gattii (high-impact emerging pathogen worldwide). Currently, the fungal multilocus sequence typing database (Fungal MLST Database) constitutes a valuable data repository...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2018-04-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Genetics |
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| Online Access: | http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fgene.2018.00148/full |
| _version_ | 1811220267495587840 |
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| author | Marina Muñoz Marina Muñoz Marina Muñoz Milena Camargo Milena Camargo Milena Camargo Juan D. Ramírez |
| author_facet | Marina Muñoz Marina Muñoz Marina Muñoz Milena Camargo Milena Camargo Milena Camargo Juan D. Ramírez |
| author_sort | Marina Muñoz |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Members of the Cryptococcus complex, includes Cryptococcus neoformans (most common fungal infection of the brain) and Cryptococcus gattii (high-impact emerging pathogen worldwide). Currently, the fungal multilocus sequence typing database (Fungal MLST Database) constitutes a valuable data repository of the genes used for molecular typing of these pathogens. We analyzed the data available in the Fungal MLST Database for seven housekeeping genes, with the aim to evaluate its contribution in the description of intra-taxa diversity, population genetic structure, and evolutionary patterns. Although the Fungal MLST Database has a greater number of reports for C. neoformans (n = 487) than for C. gattii (n = 344), similar results were obtained for both species in terms of allelic diversity. Phylogenetic reconstructions revealed grouping by molecular type in both species and allowed us to propose differences in evolutionary patterns (gradualism in the case of C. neoformans and punctuated evolution in the case of C. gattii). In addition, C. neoformans showed a population genetic structure consisting of 37 clonal complexes (CCs; CC1 being predominant), high crosslinking [without sequence type (ST) grouping by molecular type], marked divergence events in phylogenetic analysis, and few introgression events (mainly between VNI and VNIV). By contrast, C. gattii showed 50 CCs (with greater homogeneity in ST number by CC) and clustering by molecular type with marked crosslinking events in phylogenetic networks being less evident. Understanding relationships at the molecular level for species of the Cryptococcus complex, based on the sequences of the housekeeping genes, provides information for describing the evolutionary history of these emerging pathogens. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-12T07:40:01Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-43aaf649851341008acbf9ffe5f175f4 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-8021 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-12T07:40:01Z |
| publishDate | 2018-04-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Genetics |
| spelling | doaj.art-43aaf649851341008acbf9ffe5f175f42022-12-22T03:41:51ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Genetics1664-80212018-04-01910.3389/fgene.2018.00148356975Estimating the Intra-taxa Diversity, Population Genetic Structure, and Evolutionary Pathways of Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattiiMarina Muñoz0Marina Muñoz1Marina Muñoz2Milena Camargo3Milena Camargo4Milena Camargo5Juan D. Ramírez6Grupo de Investigaciones Microbiológicas-UR (GIMUR), Programa de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Matemáticas, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, ColombiaCentro de Tecnología en Salud (CETESA), Upqua SAS, Bogotá, ColombiaPosgrado Interfacultades Doctorado en Biotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, ColombiaCentro de Tecnología en Salud (CETESA), Upqua SAS, Bogotá, ColombiaDepartamento de Biología Molecular e Inmunología, Fundación Instituto de Inmunología de Colombia, Bogotá, ColombiaDoctorado en Ciencias Biomédicas y Biológicas, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, ColombiaGrupo de Investigaciones Microbiológicas-UR (GIMUR), Programa de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Matemáticas, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, ColombiaMembers of the Cryptococcus complex, includes Cryptococcus neoformans (most common fungal infection of the brain) and Cryptococcus gattii (high-impact emerging pathogen worldwide). Currently, the fungal multilocus sequence typing database (Fungal MLST Database) constitutes a valuable data repository of the genes used for molecular typing of these pathogens. We analyzed the data available in the Fungal MLST Database for seven housekeeping genes, with the aim to evaluate its contribution in the description of intra-taxa diversity, population genetic structure, and evolutionary patterns. Although the Fungal MLST Database has a greater number of reports for C. neoformans (n = 487) than for C. gattii (n = 344), similar results were obtained for both species in terms of allelic diversity. Phylogenetic reconstructions revealed grouping by molecular type in both species and allowed us to propose differences in evolutionary patterns (gradualism in the case of C. neoformans and punctuated evolution in the case of C. gattii). In addition, C. neoformans showed a population genetic structure consisting of 37 clonal complexes (CCs; CC1 being predominant), high crosslinking [without sequence type (ST) grouping by molecular type], marked divergence events in phylogenetic analysis, and few introgression events (mainly between VNI and VNIV). By contrast, C. gattii showed 50 CCs (with greater homogeneity in ST number by CC) and clustering by molecular type with marked crosslinking events in phylogenetic networks being less evident. Understanding relationships at the molecular level for species of the Cryptococcus complex, based on the sequences of the housekeeping genes, provides information for describing the evolutionary history of these emerging pathogens.http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fgene.2018.00148/fullC. neoformansC. gattiimultilocus sequence typing (MLST)allelic diversitypopulation structureevolutionary history |
| spellingShingle | Marina Muñoz Marina Muñoz Marina Muñoz Milena Camargo Milena Camargo Milena Camargo Juan D. Ramírez Estimating the Intra-taxa Diversity, Population Genetic Structure, and Evolutionary Pathways of Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii Frontiers in Genetics C. neoformans C. gattii multilocus sequence typing (MLST) allelic diversity population structure evolutionary history |
| title | Estimating the Intra-taxa Diversity, Population Genetic Structure, and Evolutionary Pathways of Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii |
| title_full | Estimating the Intra-taxa Diversity, Population Genetic Structure, and Evolutionary Pathways of Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii |
| title_fullStr | Estimating the Intra-taxa Diversity, Population Genetic Structure, and Evolutionary Pathways of Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii |
| title_full_unstemmed | Estimating the Intra-taxa Diversity, Population Genetic Structure, and Evolutionary Pathways of Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii |
| title_short | Estimating the Intra-taxa Diversity, Population Genetic Structure, and Evolutionary Pathways of Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii |
| title_sort | estimating the intra taxa diversity population genetic structure and evolutionary pathways of cryptococcus neoformans and cryptococcus gattii |
| topic | C. neoformans C. gattii multilocus sequence typing (MLST) allelic diversity population structure evolutionary history |
| url | http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fgene.2018.00148/full |
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