Novel Expansion of Matrix Metalloproteases in the Laboratory Axolotl (Ambystoma mexicanum) and Other Salamander Species
Matrix metalloprotease (MMP) genes encode endopeptidases that cleave protein components of the extracellular matrix (ECM) as well as non-ECM proteins. Here we report the results of a comprehensive survey of MMPs in the laboratory axolotl and other representative salamanders. Surprisingly, 28 MMPs we...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2021-12-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fevo.2021.786263/full |
| _version_ | 1798033628139094016 |
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| author | Nour Al Haj Baddar Nataliya Timoshevskaya Jeramiah J. Smith Houfu Guo S. Randal Voss S. Randal Voss |
| author_facet | Nour Al Haj Baddar Nataliya Timoshevskaya Jeramiah J. Smith Houfu Guo S. Randal Voss S. Randal Voss |
| author_sort | Nour Al Haj Baddar |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Matrix metalloprotease (MMP) genes encode endopeptidases that cleave protein components of the extracellular matrix (ECM) as well as non-ECM proteins. Here we report the results of a comprehensive survey of MMPs in the laboratory axolotl and other representative salamanders. Surprisingly, 28 MMPs were identified in salamanders and 9 MMP paralogs were identified as unique to the axolotl and other salamander taxa, with several of these presenting atypical amino acid insertions not observed in other tetrapod vertebrates. Furthermore, as assessed by sequence information, all of the novel salamander MMPs are of the secreted type, rather than cell membrane anchored. This suggests that secreted type MMPs expanded uniquely within salamanders to presumably execute catalytic activities in the extracellular milieu. To facilitate future studies of salamander-specific MMPs, we annotated transcriptional information from published studies of limb and tail regeneration. Our analysis sets the stage for comparative studies to understand why MMPs expanded uniquely within salamanders. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-11T20:33:22Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-43abd179b7264654a39a756ca6438079 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2296-701X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-11T20:33:22Z |
| publishDate | 2021-12-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution |
| spelling | doaj.art-43abd179b7264654a39a756ca64380792022-12-22T04:04:27ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution2296-701X2021-12-01910.3389/fevo.2021.786263786263Novel Expansion of Matrix Metalloproteases in the Laboratory Axolotl (Ambystoma mexicanum) and Other Salamander SpeciesNour Al Haj Baddar0Nataliya Timoshevskaya1Jeramiah J. Smith2Houfu Guo3S. Randal Voss4S. Randal Voss5Department of Neuroscience, Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center (SCoBIRC), University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United StatesDepartment of Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United StatesDepartment of Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United StatesDepartment of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United StatesDepartment of Neuroscience, Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center (SCoBIRC), University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United StatesAmbystoma Genetic Stock Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United StatesMatrix metalloprotease (MMP) genes encode endopeptidases that cleave protein components of the extracellular matrix (ECM) as well as non-ECM proteins. Here we report the results of a comprehensive survey of MMPs in the laboratory axolotl and other representative salamanders. Surprisingly, 28 MMPs were identified in salamanders and 9 MMP paralogs were identified as unique to the axolotl and other salamander taxa, with several of these presenting atypical amino acid insertions not observed in other tetrapod vertebrates. Furthermore, as assessed by sequence information, all of the novel salamander MMPs are of the secreted type, rather than cell membrane anchored. This suggests that secreted type MMPs expanded uniquely within salamanders to presumably execute catalytic activities in the extracellular milieu. To facilitate future studies of salamander-specific MMPs, we annotated transcriptional information from published studies of limb and tail regeneration. Our analysis sets the stage for comparative studies to understand why MMPs expanded uniquely within salamanders.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fevo.2021.786263/fullMMPaxolotlregenerationwound healingECM |
| spellingShingle | Nour Al Haj Baddar Nataliya Timoshevskaya Jeramiah J. Smith Houfu Guo S. Randal Voss S. Randal Voss Novel Expansion of Matrix Metalloproteases in the Laboratory Axolotl (Ambystoma mexicanum) and Other Salamander Species Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution MMP axolotl regeneration wound healing ECM |
| title | Novel Expansion of Matrix Metalloproteases in the Laboratory Axolotl (Ambystoma mexicanum) and Other Salamander Species |
| title_full | Novel Expansion of Matrix Metalloproteases in the Laboratory Axolotl (Ambystoma mexicanum) and Other Salamander Species |
| title_fullStr | Novel Expansion of Matrix Metalloproteases in the Laboratory Axolotl (Ambystoma mexicanum) and Other Salamander Species |
| title_full_unstemmed | Novel Expansion of Matrix Metalloproteases in the Laboratory Axolotl (Ambystoma mexicanum) and Other Salamander Species |
| title_short | Novel Expansion of Matrix Metalloproteases in the Laboratory Axolotl (Ambystoma mexicanum) and Other Salamander Species |
| title_sort | novel expansion of matrix metalloproteases in the laboratory axolotl ambystoma mexicanum and other salamander species |
| topic | MMP axolotl regeneration wound healing ECM |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fevo.2021.786263/full |
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