Influence of anthropogenic emissions on the composition of highly oxygenated organic molecules in Helsinki: a street canyon and urban background station comparison
<p>Condensable vapors, including highly oxygenated organic molecules (HOMs), govern secondary organic aerosol formation and thereby impact the quantity, composition, and properties (e.g., toxicity) of aerosol particles. These vapors are mainly formed in the atmosphere through the oxidation of...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Copernicus Publications
2023-10-01
|
| Series: | Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics |
| Online Access: | https://acp.copernicus.org/articles/23/12965/2023/acp-23-12965-2023.pdf |
| _version_ | 1797659301965201408 |
|---|---|
| author | M. Okuljar O. Garmash O. Garmash M. Olin J. Kalliokoski H. Timonen J. V. Niemi P. Paasonen J. Kontkanen J. Kontkanen Y. Zhang Y. Zhang H. Hellén H. Kuuluvainen M. Aurela H. E. Manninen M. Sipilä T. Rönkkö T. Petäjä M. Kulmala M. Dal Maso M. Ehn |
| author_facet | M. Okuljar O. Garmash O. Garmash M. Olin J. Kalliokoski H. Timonen J. V. Niemi P. Paasonen J. Kontkanen J. Kontkanen Y. Zhang Y. Zhang H. Hellén H. Kuuluvainen M. Aurela H. E. Manninen M. Sipilä T. Rönkkö T. Petäjä M. Kulmala M. Dal Maso M. Ehn |
| author_sort | M. Okuljar |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <p>Condensable vapors, including highly oxygenated organic molecules
(HOMs), govern secondary organic aerosol formation and thereby impact the
quantity, composition, and properties (e.g., toxicity) of aerosol particles.
These vapors are mainly formed in the atmosphere through the oxidation of
volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Urban environments contain a variety of
VOCs from both anthropogenic and biogenic sources, as well as other species,
for instance nitrogen oxides (NO<span class="inline-formula"><sub><i>x</i></sub></span>), that can greatly influence the
formation pathways of condensable vapors like HOMs. During the last decade,
our understanding of HOM composition and formation has increased
dramatically, with most experiments performed in forests or in heavily
polluted urban areas. However, studies on the main sources for condensable
vapors and secondary organic aerosols (SOAs) in biogenically influenced urban
areas, such as suburbs or small cities, have been limited. Here, we studied
the HOM composition, measured with two nitrate-based chemical ionization
mass spectrometers and analyzed using positive matrix factorization (PMF),
during late spring at two locations in Helsinki, Finland. Comparing the
measured concentrations at a street canyon site and a nearby urban
background station, we found a strong influence of NO<span class="inline-formula"><sub><i>x</i></sub></span> on the HOM
formation at both stations, in agreement with previous studies conducted in
urban areas. Even though both stations are dominated by anthropogenic VOCs,
most of the identified condensable vapors originated from biogenic
precursors. This implies that in Helsinki anthropogenic activities mainly
influence HOM formation by the effect of NO<span class="inline-formula"><sub><i>x</i></sub></span> on the biogenic VOC
oxidation. At the urban background station, we found condensable vapors
formed from two biogenic VOC groups (monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes), while
at the street canyon, the only identified biogenic HOM precursor was
monoterpenes. At the street canyon, we also observed oxidation products of
aliphatic VOCs, which were not observed at the urban background station. The
only factors that clearly correlate (temporally and composition-wise)
between the two stations contained monoterpene-derived dimers. This suggests
that HOM composition and formation mechanisms are strongly dependent on
localized<span id="page12966"/> emissions and the oxidative environment in these biogenically
influenced urban areas, and they can also change considerably within
distances of 1 km within the urban environment. This further
suggests that studies should be careful when extrapolating single-point
measurements in an urban setting to be representative of district or city
scales.</p> |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T18:13:02Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-43b86298aad848948e60996a69fade7b |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1680-7316 1680-7324 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T18:13:02Z |
| publishDate | 2023-10-01 |
| publisher | Copernicus Publications |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics |
| spelling | doaj.art-43b86298aad848948e60996a69fade7b2023-10-16T10:17:20ZengCopernicus PublicationsAtmospheric Chemistry and Physics1680-73161680-73242023-10-0123129651298310.5194/acp-23-12965-2023Influence of anthropogenic emissions on the composition of highly oxygenated organic molecules in Helsinki: a street canyon and urban background station comparisonM. Okuljar0O. Garmash1O. Garmash2M. Olin3J. Kalliokoski4H. Timonen5J. V. Niemi6P. Paasonen7J. Kontkanen8J. Kontkanen9Y. Zhang10Y. Zhang11H. Hellén12H. Kuuluvainen13M. Aurela14H. E. Manninen15M. Sipilä16T. Rönkkö17T. Petäjä18M. Kulmala19M. Dal Maso20M. Ehn21Institute of Atmospheric and Earth System Science/Physics, University of Helsinki, 00014, Helsinki, FinlandAerosol Physics Laboratory, Physics Unit, Tampere University, P.O. Box 692, 33014, Tampere, FinlandDepartment of Atmospheric Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United StatesAerosol Physics Laboratory, Physics Unit, Tampere University, P.O. Box 692, 33014, Tampere, FinlandAerosol Physics Laboratory, Physics Unit, Tampere University, P.O. Box 692, 33014, Tampere, FinlandAtmospheric Composition Research, Finnish Meteorological Institute, 00101, Helsinki, FinlandHelsinki Region Environmental Services Authority, HSY, P.O. Box 100, 00066, Helsinki, FinlandInstitute of Atmospheric and Earth System Science/Physics, University of Helsinki, 00014, Helsinki, FinlandInstitute of Atmospheric and Earth System Science/Physics, University of Helsinki, 00014, Helsinki, FinlandCSC – IT Center for Science Ltd., 02101, Espoo, FinlandInstitute of Atmospheric and Earth System Science/Physics, University of Helsinki, 00014, Helsinki, FinlandIRCELYON, University of Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS,69626 Villeurbanne, FranceAtmospheric Composition Research, Finnish Meteorological Institute, 00101, Helsinki, FinlandAerosol Physics Laboratory, Physics Unit, Tampere University, P.O. Box 692, 33014, Tampere, FinlandAtmospheric Composition Research, Finnish Meteorological Institute, 00101, Helsinki, FinlandHelsinki Region Environmental Services Authority, HSY, P.O. Box 100, 00066, Helsinki, FinlandInstitute of Atmospheric and Earth System Science/Physics, University of Helsinki, 00014, Helsinki, FinlandAerosol Physics Laboratory, Physics Unit, Tampere University, P.O. Box 692, 33014, Tampere, FinlandInstitute of Atmospheric and Earth System Science/Physics, University of Helsinki, 00014, Helsinki, FinlandInstitute of Atmospheric and Earth System Science/Physics, University of Helsinki, 00014, Helsinki, FinlandAerosol Physics Laboratory, Physics Unit, Tampere University, P.O. Box 692, 33014, Tampere, FinlandInstitute of Atmospheric and Earth System Science/Physics, University of Helsinki, 00014, Helsinki, Finland<p>Condensable vapors, including highly oxygenated organic molecules (HOMs), govern secondary organic aerosol formation and thereby impact the quantity, composition, and properties (e.g., toxicity) of aerosol particles. These vapors are mainly formed in the atmosphere through the oxidation of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Urban environments contain a variety of VOCs from both anthropogenic and biogenic sources, as well as other species, for instance nitrogen oxides (NO<span class="inline-formula"><sub><i>x</i></sub></span>), that can greatly influence the formation pathways of condensable vapors like HOMs. During the last decade, our understanding of HOM composition and formation has increased dramatically, with most experiments performed in forests or in heavily polluted urban areas. However, studies on the main sources for condensable vapors and secondary organic aerosols (SOAs) in biogenically influenced urban areas, such as suburbs or small cities, have been limited. Here, we studied the HOM composition, measured with two nitrate-based chemical ionization mass spectrometers and analyzed using positive matrix factorization (PMF), during late spring at two locations in Helsinki, Finland. Comparing the measured concentrations at a street canyon site and a nearby urban background station, we found a strong influence of NO<span class="inline-formula"><sub><i>x</i></sub></span> on the HOM formation at both stations, in agreement with previous studies conducted in urban areas. Even though both stations are dominated by anthropogenic VOCs, most of the identified condensable vapors originated from biogenic precursors. This implies that in Helsinki anthropogenic activities mainly influence HOM formation by the effect of NO<span class="inline-formula"><sub><i>x</i></sub></span> on the biogenic VOC oxidation. At the urban background station, we found condensable vapors formed from two biogenic VOC groups (monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes), while at the street canyon, the only identified biogenic HOM precursor was monoterpenes. At the street canyon, we also observed oxidation products of aliphatic VOCs, which were not observed at the urban background station. The only factors that clearly correlate (temporally and composition-wise) between the two stations contained monoterpene-derived dimers. This suggests that HOM composition and formation mechanisms are strongly dependent on localized<span id="page12966"/> emissions and the oxidative environment in these biogenically influenced urban areas, and they can also change considerably within distances of 1 km within the urban environment. This further suggests that studies should be careful when extrapolating single-point measurements in an urban setting to be representative of district or city scales.</p>https://acp.copernicus.org/articles/23/12965/2023/acp-23-12965-2023.pdf |
| spellingShingle | M. Okuljar O. Garmash O. Garmash M. Olin J. Kalliokoski H. Timonen J. V. Niemi P. Paasonen J. Kontkanen J. Kontkanen Y. Zhang Y. Zhang H. Hellén H. Kuuluvainen M. Aurela H. E. Manninen M. Sipilä T. Rönkkö T. Petäjä M. Kulmala M. Dal Maso M. Ehn Influence of anthropogenic emissions on the composition of highly oxygenated organic molecules in Helsinki: a street canyon and urban background station comparison Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics |
| title | Influence of anthropogenic emissions on the composition of highly oxygenated organic molecules in Helsinki: a street canyon and urban background station comparison |
| title_full | Influence of anthropogenic emissions on the composition of highly oxygenated organic molecules in Helsinki: a street canyon and urban background station comparison |
| title_fullStr | Influence of anthropogenic emissions on the composition of highly oxygenated organic molecules in Helsinki: a street canyon and urban background station comparison |
| title_full_unstemmed | Influence of anthropogenic emissions on the composition of highly oxygenated organic molecules in Helsinki: a street canyon and urban background station comparison |
| title_short | Influence of anthropogenic emissions on the composition of highly oxygenated organic molecules in Helsinki: a street canyon and urban background station comparison |
| title_sort | influence of anthropogenic emissions on the composition of highly oxygenated organic molecules in helsinki a street canyon and urban background station comparison |
| url | https://acp.copernicus.org/articles/23/12965/2023/acp-23-12965-2023.pdf |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT mokuljar influenceofanthropogenicemissionsonthecompositionofhighlyoxygenatedorganicmoleculesinhelsinkiastreetcanyonandurbanbackgroundstationcomparison AT ogarmash influenceofanthropogenicemissionsonthecompositionofhighlyoxygenatedorganicmoleculesinhelsinkiastreetcanyonandurbanbackgroundstationcomparison AT ogarmash influenceofanthropogenicemissionsonthecompositionofhighlyoxygenatedorganicmoleculesinhelsinkiastreetcanyonandurbanbackgroundstationcomparison AT molin influenceofanthropogenicemissionsonthecompositionofhighlyoxygenatedorganicmoleculesinhelsinkiastreetcanyonandurbanbackgroundstationcomparison AT jkalliokoski influenceofanthropogenicemissionsonthecompositionofhighlyoxygenatedorganicmoleculesinhelsinkiastreetcanyonandurbanbackgroundstationcomparison AT htimonen influenceofanthropogenicemissionsonthecompositionofhighlyoxygenatedorganicmoleculesinhelsinkiastreetcanyonandurbanbackgroundstationcomparison AT jvniemi influenceofanthropogenicemissionsonthecompositionofhighlyoxygenatedorganicmoleculesinhelsinkiastreetcanyonandurbanbackgroundstationcomparison AT ppaasonen influenceofanthropogenicemissionsonthecompositionofhighlyoxygenatedorganicmoleculesinhelsinkiastreetcanyonandurbanbackgroundstationcomparison AT jkontkanen influenceofanthropogenicemissionsonthecompositionofhighlyoxygenatedorganicmoleculesinhelsinkiastreetcanyonandurbanbackgroundstationcomparison AT jkontkanen influenceofanthropogenicemissionsonthecompositionofhighlyoxygenatedorganicmoleculesinhelsinkiastreetcanyonandurbanbackgroundstationcomparison AT yzhang influenceofanthropogenicemissionsonthecompositionofhighlyoxygenatedorganicmoleculesinhelsinkiastreetcanyonandurbanbackgroundstationcomparison AT yzhang influenceofanthropogenicemissionsonthecompositionofhighlyoxygenatedorganicmoleculesinhelsinkiastreetcanyonandurbanbackgroundstationcomparison AT hhellen influenceofanthropogenicemissionsonthecompositionofhighlyoxygenatedorganicmoleculesinhelsinkiastreetcanyonandurbanbackgroundstationcomparison AT hkuuluvainen influenceofanthropogenicemissionsonthecompositionofhighlyoxygenatedorganicmoleculesinhelsinkiastreetcanyonandurbanbackgroundstationcomparison AT maurela influenceofanthropogenicemissionsonthecompositionofhighlyoxygenatedorganicmoleculesinhelsinkiastreetcanyonandurbanbackgroundstationcomparison AT hemanninen influenceofanthropogenicemissionsonthecompositionofhighlyoxygenatedorganicmoleculesinhelsinkiastreetcanyonandurbanbackgroundstationcomparison AT msipila influenceofanthropogenicemissionsonthecompositionofhighlyoxygenatedorganicmoleculesinhelsinkiastreetcanyonandurbanbackgroundstationcomparison AT tronkko influenceofanthropogenicemissionsonthecompositionofhighlyoxygenatedorganicmoleculesinhelsinkiastreetcanyonandurbanbackgroundstationcomparison AT tpetaja influenceofanthropogenicemissionsonthecompositionofhighlyoxygenatedorganicmoleculesinhelsinkiastreetcanyonandurbanbackgroundstationcomparison AT mkulmala influenceofanthropogenicemissionsonthecompositionofhighlyoxygenatedorganicmoleculesinhelsinkiastreetcanyonandurbanbackgroundstationcomparison AT mdalmaso influenceofanthropogenicemissionsonthecompositionofhighlyoxygenatedorganicmoleculesinhelsinkiastreetcanyonandurbanbackgroundstationcomparison AT mehn influenceofanthropogenicemissionsonthecompositionofhighlyoxygenatedorganicmoleculesinhelsinkiastreetcanyonandurbanbackgroundstationcomparison |