Development of Water-in-Oil Emulsions as Delivery Vehicles and Testing with a Natural Antimicrobial Extract
Water-in-oil (W/O) emulsions have high potential for several industrial areas as delivery systems of hydrophilic compounds. In general, they are less studied than oil-in-water (O/W) systems, namely in what concerns the so-called fluid systems, partly due to problems of instability. In this context,...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2020-04-01
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| Series: | Molecules |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/25/9/2105 |
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| author | Giovana Colucci Arantzazu Santamaria-Echart Samara C. Silva Isabel P. M. Fernandes Caroline C. Sipoli Maria F. Barreiro |
| author_facet | Giovana Colucci Arantzazu Santamaria-Echart Samara C. Silva Isabel P. M. Fernandes Caroline C. Sipoli Maria F. Barreiro |
| author_sort | Giovana Colucci |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Water-in-oil (W/O) emulsions have high potential for several industrial areas as delivery systems of hydrophilic compounds. In general, they are less studied than oil-in-water (O/W) systems, namely in what concerns the so-called fluid systems, partly due to problems of instability. In this context, this work aimed to produce stable W/O emulsions from a natural oil, sweet almond oil, to be further tested as vehicles of natural hydrophilic extracts, here exemplified with an aqueous cinnamon extract. Firstly, a base W/O emulsion using a high-water content (40/60, <i>v</i>/<i>v</i>) was developed by testing different mixtures of emulsifiers, namely Tween 80 combined with Span 80 or Span 85 at different contents. Among the tested systems, the one using a 54/46 (<i>v</i>/<i>v</i>) Span 80/Tween 80 mixture, and subjected to 12 high-pressure homogenizer (HPH) cycles, revealed to be stable up to 6 months, being chosen for the subsequent functionalization tests with cinnamon extract (1.25–5%; <i>w</i>/<i>v</i>; water-basis). The presence of cinnamon extract leaded to changes in the microstructure as well as in the stability. The antimicrobial and antioxidant analysis were evidenced, and a sustained behavior compatible with an extract distribution within the two phases, oil and water, in particular for the higher extract concentration, was observed. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T20:07:19Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-43c85fddcb01413baf618093ad688d91 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1420-3049 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T20:07:19Z |
| publishDate | 2020-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Molecules |
| spelling | doaj.art-43c85fddcb01413baf618093ad688d912023-11-19T23:09:06ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492020-04-01259210510.3390/molecules25092105Development of Water-in-Oil Emulsions as Delivery Vehicles and Testing with a Natural Antimicrobial ExtractGiovana Colucci0Arantzazu Santamaria-Echart1Samara C. Silva2Isabel P. M. Fernandes3Caroline C. Sipoli4Maria F. Barreiro5Mountain Research Center (CIMO), Polytechnic Institute of Bragança, Santa Apolónia Campus, 5300-253 Bragança, PortugalMountain Research Center (CIMO), Polytechnic Institute of Bragança, Santa Apolónia Campus, 5300-253 Bragança, PortugalMountain Research Center (CIMO), Polytechnic Institute of Bragança, Santa Apolónia Campus, 5300-253 Bragança, PortugalMountain Research Center (CIMO), Polytechnic Institute of Bragança, Santa Apolónia Campus, 5300-253 Bragança, PortugalDepartment of Chemical Engineering, Federal University of Technology (UTFPR)–Paraná, 86812-460 Apucarana, BrazilMountain Research Center (CIMO), Polytechnic Institute of Bragança, Santa Apolónia Campus, 5300-253 Bragança, PortugalWater-in-oil (W/O) emulsions have high potential for several industrial areas as delivery systems of hydrophilic compounds. In general, they are less studied than oil-in-water (O/W) systems, namely in what concerns the so-called fluid systems, partly due to problems of instability. In this context, this work aimed to produce stable W/O emulsions from a natural oil, sweet almond oil, to be further tested as vehicles of natural hydrophilic extracts, here exemplified with an aqueous cinnamon extract. Firstly, a base W/O emulsion using a high-water content (40/60, <i>v</i>/<i>v</i>) was developed by testing different mixtures of emulsifiers, namely Tween 80 combined with Span 80 or Span 85 at different contents. Among the tested systems, the one using a 54/46 (<i>v</i>/<i>v</i>) Span 80/Tween 80 mixture, and subjected to 12 high-pressure homogenizer (HPH) cycles, revealed to be stable up to 6 months, being chosen for the subsequent functionalization tests with cinnamon extract (1.25–5%; <i>w</i>/<i>v</i>; water-basis). The presence of cinnamon extract leaded to changes in the microstructure as well as in the stability. The antimicrobial and antioxidant analysis were evidenced, and a sustained behavior compatible with an extract distribution within the two phases, oil and water, in particular for the higher extract concentration, was observed.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/25/9/2105emulsionswater-in-oilcinnamon extractsweet almond oilhydrophilic extractsnatural compounds |
| spellingShingle | Giovana Colucci Arantzazu Santamaria-Echart Samara C. Silva Isabel P. M. Fernandes Caroline C. Sipoli Maria F. Barreiro Development of Water-in-Oil Emulsions as Delivery Vehicles and Testing with a Natural Antimicrobial Extract Molecules emulsions water-in-oil cinnamon extract sweet almond oil hydrophilic extracts natural compounds |
| title | Development of Water-in-Oil Emulsions as Delivery Vehicles and Testing with a Natural Antimicrobial Extract |
| title_full | Development of Water-in-Oil Emulsions as Delivery Vehicles and Testing with a Natural Antimicrobial Extract |
| title_fullStr | Development of Water-in-Oil Emulsions as Delivery Vehicles and Testing with a Natural Antimicrobial Extract |
| title_full_unstemmed | Development of Water-in-Oil Emulsions as Delivery Vehicles and Testing with a Natural Antimicrobial Extract |
| title_short | Development of Water-in-Oil Emulsions as Delivery Vehicles and Testing with a Natural Antimicrobial Extract |
| title_sort | development of water in oil emulsions as delivery vehicles and testing with a natural antimicrobial extract |
| topic | emulsions water-in-oil cinnamon extract sweet almond oil hydrophilic extracts natural compounds |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/25/9/2105 |
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