Risk factors associated with the severity of COVID-19 in a region of the Brazilian Amazon
Abstract The Brazilian Northern region registered a high incidence of COVID-19 cases, particularly in the state of Pará. The present study investigated the risk factors associated with the severity of COVID-19 in a Brazilian Amazon region of 100,819 cases. An epidemiological, cross-sectional, analyt...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Nature Portfolio
2021-10-01
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| Series: | Scientific Reports |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-00009-y |
| _version_ | 1828145021933584384 |
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| author | Daniele Melo Sardinha Rosane do Socorro Pompeu de Loiola Ana Lúcia da Silva Ferreira Carmem Aliandra Freire de Sá Yan Corrêa Rodrigues Karla Valéria Batista Lima Ricardo José de Paula Souza e Guimarães Luana Nepomuceno Gondim Costa Lima |
| author_facet | Daniele Melo Sardinha Rosane do Socorro Pompeu de Loiola Ana Lúcia da Silva Ferreira Carmem Aliandra Freire de Sá Yan Corrêa Rodrigues Karla Valéria Batista Lima Ricardo José de Paula Souza e Guimarães Luana Nepomuceno Gondim Costa Lima |
| author_sort | Daniele Melo Sardinha |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract The Brazilian Northern region registered a high incidence of COVID-19 cases, particularly in the state of Pará. The present study investigated the risk factors associated with the severity of COVID-19 in a Brazilian Amazon region of 100,819 cases. An epidemiological, cross-sectional, analytical and demographic study, analyzing data on confirmed cases for COVID-19 available at the Brazilian Ministry of Health's surveillance platform, was conducted. Variables such as, municipalities of residence, age, gender, signs and symptoms, comorbidities were included and associated with COVID-19 cases and outcomes. The spatial distribution was performed using the ArcGIS program. A total of 100,819 cases were evaluated. Overall, patients had the mean age of 42.3 years, were female (51.2%) and with lethality reaching 4.79% of cases. Main symptoms included fever (66.5%), cough (61.9%) and sore throat (39.8%). Regarding comorbidities, most of the patients presented cardiovascular disease (5.1%) and diabetes (4.2%). Neurological disease increased risk of death by nearly 15 times, followed by obesity (5.16 times) and immunodeficiency (5.09 time). The municipalities with the highest incidence rate were Parauapebas, Canaã dos Carajás and Jacareacanga. Similarity between the Lower Amazon, Marajó and Southwest mesoregions of Pará state were observed concerning the highest morbidity rates. The obtained data demonstrated that the majority of cases occurred among young adults, females, with the classic influenza symptoms and chronic diseases. Finally, data suggest that the highest incidences were no longer in the metropolitan region of the state. The higher lethality rate than in Brazil may be associated with the greater impacts of the disease in this Amazonian population, or factors associated with fragile epidemiological surveillance in the notification of cases of cure. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-11T20:25:51Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-43cc89e2d069490dbbea9b9f40d8eb6e |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2045-2322 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-11T20:25:51Z |
| publishDate | 2021-10-01 |
| publisher | Nature Portfolio |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Scientific Reports |
| spelling | doaj.art-43cc89e2d069490dbbea9b9f40d8eb6e2022-12-22T04:04:40ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222021-10-0111111210.1038/s41598-021-00009-yRisk factors associated with the severity of COVID-19 in a region of the Brazilian AmazonDaniele Melo Sardinha0Rosane do Socorro Pompeu de Loiola1Ana Lúcia da Silva Ferreira2Carmem Aliandra Freire de Sá3Yan Corrêa Rodrigues4Karla Valéria Batista Lima5Ricardo José de Paula Souza e Guimarães6Luana Nepomuceno Gondim Costa Lima7Programa de Pós-Graduação em Epidemiologia e Vigilância em Saúde, Instituto Evandro Chagas (PPGEVS/IEC)Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia de Agentes Infecciosos e Parasitários, Universidade Federal do Pará (PPGBAIP/UFPA)Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Parasitária na Amazônia, Universidade do Estado do Pará, Instituto Evandro Chagas (PPGBPA/UEPA/IEC)Programa de Pós-Graduação em Epidemiologia e Vigilância em Saúde, Instituto Evandro Chagas (PPGEVS/IEC)Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Parasitária na Amazônia, Universidade do Estado do Pará, Instituto Evandro Chagas (PPGBPA/UEPA/IEC)Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Parasitária na Amazônia, Universidade do Estado do Pará, Instituto Evandro Chagas (PPGBPA/UEPA/IEC)Programa de Pós-Graduação em Epidemiologia e Vigilância em Saúde, Instituto Evandro Chagas (PPGEVS/IEC)Programa de Pós-Graduação em Epidemiologia e Vigilância em Saúde, Instituto Evandro Chagas (PPGEVS/IEC)Abstract The Brazilian Northern region registered a high incidence of COVID-19 cases, particularly in the state of Pará. The present study investigated the risk factors associated with the severity of COVID-19 in a Brazilian Amazon region of 100,819 cases. An epidemiological, cross-sectional, analytical and demographic study, analyzing data on confirmed cases for COVID-19 available at the Brazilian Ministry of Health's surveillance platform, was conducted. Variables such as, municipalities of residence, age, gender, signs and symptoms, comorbidities were included and associated with COVID-19 cases and outcomes. The spatial distribution was performed using the ArcGIS program. A total of 100,819 cases were evaluated. Overall, patients had the mean age of 42.3 years, were female (51.2%) and with lethality reaching 4.79% of cases. Main symptoms included fever (66.5%), cough (61.9%) and sore throat (39.8%). Regarding comorbidities, most of the patients presented cardiovascular disease (5.1%) and diabetes (4.2%). Neurological disease increased risk of death by nearly 15 times, followed by obesity (5.16 times) and immunodeficiency (5.09 time). The municipalities with the highest incidence rate were Parauapebas, Canaã dos Carajás and Jacareacanga. Similarity between the Lower Amazon, Marajó and Southwest mesoregions of Pará state were observed concerning the highest morbidity rates. The obtained data demonstrated that the majority of cases occurred among young adults, females, with the classic influenza symptoms and chronic diseases. Finally, data suggest that the highest incidences were no longer in the metropolitan region of the state. The higher lethality rate than in Brazil may be associated with the greater impacts of the disease in this Amazonian population, or factors associated with fragile epidemiological surveillance in the notification of cases of cure.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-00009-y |
| spellingShingle | Daniele Melo Sardinha Rosane do Socorro Pompeu de Loiola Ana Lúcia da Silva Ferreira Carmem Aliandra Freire de Sá Yan Corrêa Rodrigues Karla Valéria Batista Lima Ricardo José de Paula Souza e Guimarães Luana Nepomuceno Gondim Costa Lima Risk factors associated with the severity of COVID-19 in a region of the Brazilian Amazon Scientific Reports |
| title | Risk factors associated with the severity of COVID-19 in a region of the Brazilian Amazon |
| title_full | Risk factors associated with the severity of COVID-19 in a region of the Brazilian Amazon |
| title_fullStr | Risk factors associated with the severity of COVID-19 in a region of the Brazilian Amazon |
| title_full_unstemmed | Risk factors associated with the severity of COVID-19 in a region of the Brazilian Amazon |
| title_short | Risk factors associated with the severity of COVID-19 in a region of the Brazilian Amazon |
| title_sort | risk factors associated with the severity of covid 19 in a region of the brazilian amazon |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-00009-y |
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