| Summary: | Autistic Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is characterized by the impairment of socio-communicative skills and the presence of restricted and stereotyped behavior patterns. Recent researches have revealed the influence of mitochondrial physiology on the development of ASD. Several research groups have identified defects in respiratory complexes, coenzyme-Q10 deficiency, increased oxidative damage, decreased of superoxide dismutase (SOD2). A study on the influence of mitochondrial physiology on the development of ASD can provide new alternatives and challenges. That is why we set ourselves the general objective to initiate studies of mitochondrial physiology in Chilean children with ASD. A sample of oral mucosa was collected in a group of 12 children diagnosed with ASD and 12 children without ASD. In children with ASD, we found a significant increase in mitochondrial DNA levels. Likewise, in these children, an increase in the protein oxidation was observed. Finally, a downward trend in the expression of the <i>HIGD2A</i> and <i>SOD2</i> genes was observed, while <i>DRP1</i>, <i>FIS1</i>, <i>MFN1</i>, <i>MFN2</i>, and <i>OPA1</i> gene expression show an upward trend. The increment of mitochondrial DNA, high oxidative stress, and high expression of the <i>MFN2</i> gene could help as a scanner of the mitochondrial function in children with ASD.
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