Design and Evaluation of Pegylated Large 3D Pore Ferrisilicate as a Potential Insulin Protein Therapy to Treat Diabetic Mellitus
An iron-based SBA-16 mesoporous silica (ferrisilicate) with a large surface area and three-dimensional (3D) pores is explored as a potential insulin delivery vehicle with improved encapsulation and loading efficiency. Fe was incorporated into a framework of ferrisilicate using the isomorphous substi...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2023-02-01
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| Series: | Pharmaceutics |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4923/15/2/593 |
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| author | B. Rabindran Jermy Mohammed Salahuddin Gazali Tanimu Hatim Dafalla Sarah Almofty Vijaya Ravinayagam |
| author_facet | B. Rabindran Jermy Mohammed Salahuddin Gazali Tanimu Hatim Dafalla Sarah Almofty Vijaya Ravinayagam |
| author_sort | B. Rabindran Jermy |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | An iron-based SBA-16 mesoporous silica (ferrisilicate) with a large surface area and three-dimensional (3D) pores is explored as a potential insulin delivery vehicle with improved encapsulation and loading efficiency. Fe was incorporated into a framework of ferrisilicate using the isomorphous substitution technique for direct synthesis. Fe<sup>3+</sup> species were identified using diffuse reflectance spectroscopy. The large surface area (804 m<sup>2</sup>/g), cubic pores (3.2 nm) and insulin loading were characterized using XRD, BET surface area, FTIR and TEM analyses. For pH sensitivity, the ferrisilicate was wrapped with polyethylene glycol (MW = 400 Daltons) (PEG). For comparison, Fe (10 wt%) was impregnated on a Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology Number 6 (KIT-6) sieve and Mesocellular Silica Foam (MSU-F). Insulin loading was optimized, and its release mechanism was studied using the dialysis membrane technique (MWCO = 14,000 Da) at physiological pH = 7.4, 6.8 and 1.2. The kinetics of the drug’s release was studied using different structured/insulin nanoformulations, including Santa Barbara Amorphous materials (SBA-15, SBA-16), MSU-F, ultra-large-pore FDU-12 (ULPFDU-12) and ferrisilicates. A different insulin adsorption times (0.08–1 h), insulin/ferrisilicate ratios (0.125–1.0) and drug release rates at different pH were examined using the Korsmeyer–Peppas model. The rate of drug release and the diffusion mechanisms were obtained based on the release constant (k) and release exponent (n). The cytotoxicity of the nanoformulation was evaluated by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay using human foreskin fibroblast (HFF-1) cells. A low cytotoxicity was observed for this nanoformulation starting at the highest concentrations used, namely, 400 and 800 μg. The hypoglycemic activity of insulin/ferrisilicate/PEG on acute administration in Wistar rats was studied using doses of 2, 5 and 10 mg/kg body weight. The developed facile ferrisilicate/PEG nanoformulation showed a high insulin encapsulation and loading capacity with pH-sensitive insulin release for potential delivery through the oral route. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T08:16:44Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-43e25455f5fa489ba0739ac4ad279c88 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1999-4923 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T08:16:44Z |
| publishDate | 2023-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Pharmaceutics |
| spelling | doaj.art-43e25455f5fa489ba0739ac4ad279c882023-11-16T22:42:01ZengMDPI AGPharmaceutics1999-49232023-02-0115259310.3390/pharmaceutics15020593Design and Evaluation of Pegylated Large 3D Pore Ferrisilicate as a Potential Insulin Protein Therapy to Treat Diabetic MellitusB. Rabindran Jermy0Mohammed Salahuddin1Gazali Tanimu2Hatim Dafalla3Sarah Almofty4Vijaya Ravinayagam5Department of NanoMedicine Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Clinical Pharmacy, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi ArabiaCenter for Refining and Advanced Chemicals, Research Institute, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, P.O. Box 5040, Dhahran 31261, Saudi ArabiaCore Research Facilities (CRF), King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, P.O. Box 613, Dhahran 31261, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Stem Cell Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi ArabiaDeanship of Scientific Research & Department of NanoMedicine Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi ArabiaAn iron-based SBA-16 mesoporous silica (ferrisilicate) with a large surface area and three-dimensional (3D) pores is explored as a potential insulin delivery vehicle with improved encapsulation and loading efficiency. Fe was incorporated into a framework of ferrisilicate using the isomorphous substitution technique for direct synthesis. Fe<sup>3+</sup> species were identified using diffuse reflectance spectroscopy. The large surface area (804 m<sup>2</sup>/g), cubic pores (3.2 nm) and insulin loading were characterized using XRD, BET surface area, FTIR and TEM analyses. For pH sensitivity, the ferrisilicate was wrapped with polyethylene glycol (MW = 400 Daltons) (PEG). For comparison, Fe (10 wt%) was impregnated on a Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology Number 6 (KIT-6) sieve and Mesocellular Silica Foam (MSU-F). Insulin loading was optimized, and its release mechanism was studied using the dialysis membrane technique (MWCO = 14,000 Da) at physiological pH = 7.4, 6.8 and 1.2. The kinetics of the drug’s release was studied using different structured/insulin nanoformulations, including Santa Barbara Amorphous materials (SBA-15, SBA-16), MSU-F, ultra-large-pore FDU-12 (ULPFDU-12) and ferrisilicates. A different insulin adsorption times (0.08–1 h), insulin/ferrisilicate ratios (0.125–1.0) and drug release rates at different pH were examined using the Korsmeyer–Peppas model. The rate of drug release and the diffusion mechanisms were obtained based on the release constant (k) and release exponent (n). The cytotoxicity of the nanoformulation was evaluated by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay using human foreskin fibroblast (HFF-1) cells. A low cytotoxicity was observed for this nanoformulation starting at the highest concentrations used, namely, 400 and 800 μg. The hypoglycemic activity of insulin/ferrisilicate/PEG on acute administration in Wistar rats was studied using doses of 2, 5 and 10 mg/kg body weight. The developed facile ferrisilicate/PEG nanoformulation showed a high insulin encapsulation and loading capacity with pH-sensitive insulin release for potential delivery through the oral route.https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4923/15/2/593ferrisilicatePEGinsulinencapsulationdiabetic mellitus |
| spellingShingle | B. Rabindran Jermy Mohammed Salahuddin Gazali Tanimu Hatim Dafalla Sarah Almofty Vijaya Ravinayagam Design and Evaluation of Pegylated Large 3D Pore Ferrisilicate as a Potential Insulin Protein Therapy to Treat Diabetic Mellitus Pharmaceutics ferrisilicate PEG insulin encapsulation diabetic mellitus |
| title | Design and Evaluation of Pegylated Large 3D Pore Ferrisilicate as a Potential Insulin Protein Therapy to Treat Diabetic Mellitus |
| title_full | Design and Evaluation of Pegylated Large 3D Pore Ferrisilicate as a Potential Insulin Protein Therapy to Treat Diabetic Mellitus |
| title_fullStr | Design and Evaluation of Pegylated Large 3D Pore Ferrisilicate as a Potential Insulin Protein Therapy to Treat Diabetic Mellitus |
| title_full_unstemmed | Design and Evaluation of Pegylated Large 3D Pore Ferrisilicate as a Potential Insulin Protein Therapy to Treat Diabetic Mellitus |
| title_short | Design and Evaluation of Pegylated Large 3D Pore Ferrisilicate as a Potential Insulin Protein Therapy to Treat Diabetic Mellitus |
| title_sort | design and evaluation of pegylated large 3d pore ferrisilicate as a potential insulin protein therapy to treat diabetic mellitus |
| topic | ferrisilicate PEG insulin encapsulation diabetic mellitus |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4923/15/2/593 |
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