Insightful acetone gas sensing behaviour of Ce substituted MgFe2O4 spinel nano-ferrites
MgCexFe2-xO4 (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.2) nanoparticles have been produced by the glyco-thermal technique and characterized by X-ray diffraction, electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Mössbauer spectroscopy and gas sensing analyses. The X-ray diffraction results indicated that a pure cubic spinel...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2020-11-01
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| Series: | Journal of Materials Research and Technology |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2238785420320470 |
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| author | Prince S. Mkwae Ioannis Kortidis Robin E. Kroon Nompumelelo Leshabane Mudalo Jozela Hendrik C. Swart Steven S. Nkosi |
| author_facet | Prince S. Mkwae Ioannis Kortidis Robin E. Kroon Nompumelelo Leshabane Mudalo Jozela Hendrik C. Swart Steven S. Nkosi |
| author_sort | Prince S. Mkwae |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | MgCexFe2-xO4 (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.2) nanoparticles have been produced by the glyco-thermal technique and characterized by X-ray diffraction, electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Mössbauer spectroscopy and gas sensing analyses. The X-ray diffraction results indicated that a pure cubic spinel phase was formed for samples having a low concentration of Ce, but the high Ce doping (x = 0.2) of magnesium ferrite resulted in the formation of secondary phases. The crystallite size of the compounds ranged from 2.2 nm to 15.3 nm. The 57Fe Mössbauer spectra showed transformation from an ordered to a paramagnetic spin state with an increase in Ce concentration. Gas sensors fabricated from the spinel ferrites were tested towards various organic compound vapours (acetone, methanol, p-xylene, ethylbenzene, toluene, and benzene) at an operating temperature of 225 °C. The MgCe0.2Fe1.8O4 nanoferrite proved to possess quality sensor characteristics of high sensitivity and selectivity to acetone vapour, with a response of over 500@100 ppm concentration as well as reproducibility, reversibility, and stability of over 120 days. This sensor not only displayed high responses, but could also maintain them over 1, 3, 5, 10, 20, and 30 min of acetone exposure time. The sensor was resilient and sensitive to an oxygen reduced, inert ambient environment. Under relative humidity, the response was reduced, but stable, due to physisorbed water molecules. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-14T21:16:00Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-43e86f03f4534303b23e6485c4076ba8 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2238-7854 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-14T21:16:00Z |
| publishDate | 2020-11-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Materials Research and Technology |
| spelling | doaj.art-43e86f03f4534303b23e6485c4076ba82022-12-21T22:47:04ZengElsevierJournal of Materials Research and Technology2238-78542020-11-01961625216269Insightful acetone gas sensing behaviour of Ce substituted MgFe2O4 spinel nano-ferritesPrince S. Mkwae0Ioannis Kortidis1Robin E. Kroon2Nompumelelo Leshabane3Mudalo Jozela4Hendrik C. Swart5Steven S. Nkosi6Physics Department, University of Zululand, Private Bag X1001, KwaDlangezwa, ZA3886, South AfricaPhysics Department, University of Zululand, Private Bag X1001, KwaDlangezwa, ZA3886, South AfricaDepartment of Physics, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, ZA9301, South AfricaGas Analysis Section, National Metrology Institute of South Africa (NMISA), CSIR Campus, Building 5, Meiring Naude Road, Brummeria, Pretoria, 0182, South AfricaGas Analysis Section, National Metrology Institute of South Africa (NMISA), CSIR Campus, Building 5, Meiring Naude Road, Brummeria, Pretoria, 0182, South AfricaDepartment of Physics, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, ZA9301, South AfricaPhysics Department, University of Zululand, Private Bag X1001, KwaDlangezwa, ZA3886, South Africa; Corresponding author. Department of Physics, University of Zululand, KwaDlangezwa, 3886ZA, South Africa.MgCexFe2-xO4 (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.2) nanoparticles have been produced by the glyco-thermal technique and characterized by X-ray diffraction, electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Mössbauer spectroscopy and gas sensing analyses. The X-ray diffraction results indicated that a pure cubic spinel phase was formed for samples having a low concentration of Ce, but the high Ce doping (x = 0.2) of magnesium ferrite resulted in the formation of secondary phases. The crystallite size of the compounds ranged from 2.2 nm to 15.3 nm. The 57Fe Mössbauer spectra showed transformation from an ordered to a paramagnetic spin state with an increase in Ce concentration. Gas sensors fabricated from the spinel ferrites were tested towards various organic compound vapours (acetone, methanol, p-xylene, ethylbenzene, toluene, and benzene) at an operating temperature of 225 °C. The MgCe0.2Fe1.8O4 nanoferrite proved to possess quality sensor characteristics of high sensitivity and selectivity to acetone vapour, with a response of over 500@100 ppm concentration as well as reproducibility, reversibility, and stability of over 120 days. This sensor not only displayed high responses, but could also maintain them over 1, 3, 5, 10, 20, and 30 min of acetone exposure time. The sensor was resilient and sensitive to an oxygen reduced, inert ambient environment. Under relative humidity, the response was reduced, but stable, due to physisorbed water molecules.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2238785420320470DiabetesAcetoneGas sensorMgFe2O4 spinel ferritesCe dopingHuman breath |
| spellingShingle | Prince S. Mkwae Ioannis Kortidis Robin E. Kroon Nompumelelo Leshabane Mudalo Jozela Hendrik C. Swart Steven S. Nkosi Insightful acetone gas sensing behaviour of Ce substituted MgFe2O4 spinel nano-ferrites Journal of Materials Research and Technology Diabetes Acetone Gas sensor MgFe2O4 spinel ferrites Ce doping Human breath |
| title | Insightful acetone gas sensing behaviour of Ce substituted MgFe2O4 spinel nano-ferrites |
| title_full | Insightful acetone gas sensing behaviour of Ce substituted MgFe2O4 spinel nano-ferrites |
| title_fullStr | Insightful acetone gas sensing behaviour of Ce substituted MgFe2O4 spinel nano-ferrites |
| title_full_unstemmed | Insightful acetone gas sensing behaviour of Ce substituted MgFe2O4 spinel nano-ferrites |
| title_short | Insightful acetone gas sensing behaviour of Ce substituted MgFe2O4 spinel nano-ferrites |
| title_sort | insightful acetone gas sensing behaviour of ce substituted mgfe2o4 spinel nano ferrites |
| topic | Diabetes Acetone Gas sensor MgFe2O4 spinel ferrites Ce doping Human breath |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2238785420320470 |
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