Calmodulin and Its Binding Proteins in Parkinson’s Disease
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder that manifests with rest tremor, muscle rigidity and movement disturbances. At the microscopic level it is characterized by formation of specific intraneuronal inclusions, called Lewy bodies (LBs), and by a progressive loss of dopaminergic neu...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-03-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/6/3016 |
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| author | Anastasiia Bohush Wiesława Leśniak Serge Weis Anna Filipek |
| author_facet | Anastasiia Bohush Wiesława Leśniak Serge Weis Anna Filipek |
| author_sort | Anastasiia Bohush |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder that manifests with rest tremor, muscle rigidity and movement disturbances. At the microscopic level it is characterized by formation of specific intraneuronal inclusions, called Lewy bodies (LBs), and by a progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons in the striatum and substantia nigra. All living cells, among them neurons, rely on Ca<sup>2+</sup> as a universal carrier of extracellular and intracellular signals that can initiate and control various cellular processes. Disturbances in Ca<sup>2+</sup> homeostasis and dysfunction of Ca<sup>2+</sup> signaling pathways may have serious consequences on cells and even result in cell death. Dopaminergic neurons are particularly sensitive to any changes in intracellular Ca<sup>2+</sup> level. The best known and studied Ca<sup>2+</sup> sensor in eukaryotic cells is calmodulin. Calmodulin binds Ca<sup>2+</sup> with high affinity and regulates the activity of a plethora of proteins. In the brain, calmodulin and its binding proteins play a crucial role in regulation of the activity of synaptic proteins and in the maintenance of neuronal plasticity. Thus, any changes in activity of these proteins might be linked to the development and progression of neurodegenerative disorders including PD. This review aims to summarize published results regarding the role of calmodulin and its binding proteins in pathology and pathogenesis of PD. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T13:12:26Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-43ea03c3ff4444048b651c8a953ba6f0 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1661-6596 1422-0067 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T13:12:26Z |
| publishDate | 2021-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-43ea03c3ff4444048b651c8a953ba6f02023-11-21T10:40:26ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672021-03-01226301610.3390/ijms22063016Calmodulin and Its Binding Proteins in Parkinson’s DiseaseAnastasiia Bohush0Wiesława Leśniak1Serge Weis2Anna Filipek3Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteur Street, 02-093 Warsaw, PolandNencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteur Street, 02-093 Warsaw, PolandDivision of Neuropathology, Department of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, Neuromed Campus, Kepler University Hospital, Johannes Kepler University, A-4020 Linz, AustriaNencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteur Street, 02-093 Warsaw, PolandParkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder that manifests with rest tremor, muscle rigidity and movement disturbances. At the microscopic level it is characterized by formation of specific intraneuronal inclusions, called Lewy bodies (LBs), and by a progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons in the striatum and substantia nigra. All living cells, among them neurons, rely on Ca<sup>2+</sup> as a universal carrier of extracellular and intracellular signals that can initiate and control various cellular processes. Disturbances in Ca<sup>2+</sup> homeostasis and dysfunction of Ca<sup>2+</sup> signaling pathways may have serious consequences on cells and even result in cell death. Dopaminergic neurons are particularly sensitive to any changes in intracellular Ca<sup>2+</sup> level. The best known and studied Ca<sup>2+</sup> sensor in eukaryotic cells is calmodulin. Calmodulin binds Ca<sup>2+</sup> with high affinity and regulates the activity of a plethora of proteins. In the brain, calmodulin and its binding proteins play a crucial role in regulation of the activity of synaptic proteins and in the maintenance of neuronal plasticity. Thus, any changes in activity of these proteins might be linked to the development and progression of neurodegenerative disorders including PD. This review aims to summarize published results regarding the role of calmodulin and its binding proteins in pathology and pathogenesis of PD.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/6/3016Ca<sup>2+</sup>- signalingCa<sup>2+</sup> homeostasiscalmodulincalmodulin binding proteinscalcineurincalmodulin kinase II |
| spellingShingle | Anastasiia Bohush Wiesława Leśniak Serge Weis Anna Filipek Calmodulin and Its Binding Proteins in Parkinson’s Disease International Journal of Molecular Sciences Ca<sup>2+</sup>- signaling Ca<sup>2+</sup> homeostasis calmodulin calmodulin binding proteins calcineurin calmodulin kinase II |
| title | Calmodulin and Its Binding Proteins in Parkinson’s Disease |
| title_full | Calmodulin and Its Binding Proteins in Parkinson’s Disease |
| title_fullStr | Calmodulin and Its Binding Proteins in Parkinson’s Disease |
| title_full_unstemmed | Calmodulin and Its Binding Proteins in Parkinson’s Disease |
| title_short | Calmodulin and Its Binding Proteins in Parkinson’s Disease |
| title_sort | calmodulin and its binding proteins in parkinson s disease |
| topic | Ca<sup>2+</sup>- signaling Ca<sup>2+</sup> homeostasis calmodulin calmodulin binding proteins calcineurin calmodulin kinase II |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/6/3016 |
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