Upgrading secondary wastewater plant effluent by modified coagulation and flocculation, for water reuse in irrigation
In this study, the feasibility of using coagulation, flocculation, and sedimentation (CF-S) for advanced treatment of secondary effluent released from the Yazd Intermittent Cycle Extended Aeration System was investigated. Four coagulants including ferric chloride (FeCl3), polyaluminum chloride (PAC)...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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IWA Publishing
2017-09-01
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| Series: | Journal of Water Reuse and Desalination |
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| Online Access: | http://jwrd.iwaponline.com/content/7/3/298 |
| _version_ | 1818153372068347904 |
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| author | Mohammad Taghi Ghaneian Mohammad Hassan Ehrampoush Eghbal Ehsanzadeh Ali Nikoonahad Mohammad Miri |
| author_facet | Mohammad Taghi Ghaneian Mohammad Hassan Ehrampoush Eghbal Ehsanzadeh Ali Nikoonahad Mohammad Miri |
| author_sort | Mohammad Taghi Ghaneian |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In this study, the feasibility of using coagulation, flocculation, and sedimentation (CF-S) for advanced treatment of secondary effluent released from the Yazd Intermittent Cycle Extended Aeration System was investigated. Four coagulants including ferric chloride (FeCl3), polyaluminum chloride (PAC), ferrous sulfate (FeSo4), and potassium ferrate (K2FeSo4) along with Gflog C-150 as flocculant polymer were used. In this study, returned chemical sludge was considered as a modification. Preliminary CF-S processes showed that FeSO4 and K2FeO4 had low removal efficiencies. Thus, these two coagulants were abandoned and CF-S processes were continued only with PAC and FeCl3 coagulants which had higher efficiencies in the removal of biological oxygen demand (BOD5), chemical oxygen demand (COD), total suspended solids (TSS), and turbidity. Removal efficiency was higher when half of the chemical producing sludge was returned as compared with using both coagulants simultaneously along with 2 mg L−1 of C-150 as flocculant. In the optimum dosage, when half of PAC and FeCl3 sludge were returned, the volume of produced sludge was reduced by 40% and 28%, respectively, as compared without returned sludge. For the PAC coagulant in the optimum dosage with half of the sludge returned, all 2012 EPA standards of irrigation were met for both ‘processed and non-processed type’ agricultural crops. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-11T14:09:34Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-43ea46f17262447a9420c243ae4df971 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2220-1319 2408-9370 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-11T14:09:34Z |
| publishDate | 2017-09-01 |
| publisher | IWA Publishing |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Water Reuse and Desalination |
| spelling | doaj.art-43ea46f17262447a9420c243ae4df9712022-12-22T01:03:31ZengIWA PublishingJournal of Water Reuse and Desalination2220-13192408-93702017-09-017329830610.2166/wrd.2016.049049Upgrading secondary wastewater plant effluent by modified coagulation and flocculation, for water reuse in irrigationMohammad Taghi Ghaneian0Mohammad Hassan Ehrampoush1Eghbal Ehsanzadeh2Ali Nikoonahad3Mohammad Miri4 Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran E-mail: nikoonahad_ali_n@yahoo.com Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran E-mail: nikoonahad_ali_n@yahoo.com Department of Water Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Ilam University, Ilam, Iran Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran E-mail: nikoonahad_ali_n@yahoo.com Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran E-mail: nikoonahad_ali_n@yahoo.com In this study, the feasibility of using coagulation, flocculation, and sedimentation (CF-S) for advanced treatment of secondary effluent released from the Yazd Intermittent Cycle Extended Aeration System was investigated. Four coagulants including ferric chloride (FeCl3), polyaluminum chloride (PAC), ferrous sulfate (FeSo4), and potassium ferrate (K2FeSo4) along with Gflog C-150 as flocculant polymer were used. In this study, returned chemical sludge was considered as a modification. Preliminary CF-S processes showed that FeSO4 and K2FeO4 had low removal efficiencies. Thus, these two coagulants were abandoned and CF-S processes were continued only with PAC and FeCl3 coagulants which had higher efficiencies in the removal of biological oxygen demand (BOD5), chemical oxygen demand (COD), total suspended solids (TSS), and turbidity. Removal efficiency was higher when half of the chemical producing sludge was returned as compared with using both coagulants simultaneously along with 2 mg L−1 of C-150 as flocculant. In the optimum dosage, when half of PAC and FeCl3 sludge were returned, the volume of produced sludge was reduced by 40% and 28%, respectively, as compared without returned sludge. For the PAC coagulant in the optimum dosage with half of the sludge returned, all 2012 EPA standards of irrigation were met for both ‘processed and non-processed type’ agricultural crops.http://jwrd.iwaponline.com/content/7/3/298advanced treatmentupgrading secondary effluentwater reuseYazd-ICEAS |
| spellingShingle | Mohammad Taghi Ghaneian Mohammad Hassan Ehrampoush Eghbal Ehsanzadeh Ali Nikoonahad Mohammad Miri Upgrading secondary wastewater plant effluent by modified coagulation and flocculation, for water reuse in irrigation Journal of Water Reuse and Desalination advanced treatment upgrading secondary effluent water reuse Yazd-ICEAS |
| title | Upgrading secondary wastewater plant effluent by modified coagulation and flocculation, for water reuse in irrigation |
| title_full | Upgrading secondary wastewater plant effluent by modified coagulation and flocculation, for water reuse in irrigation |
| title_fullStr | Upgrading secondary wastewater plant effluent by modified coagulation and flocculation, for water reuse in irrigation |
| title_full_unstemmed | Upgrading secondary wastewater plant effluent by modified coagulation and flocculation, for water reuse in irrigation |
| title_short | Upgrading secondary wastewater plant effluent by modified coagulation and flocculation, for water reuse in irrigation |
| title_sort | upgrading secondary wastewater plant effluent by modified coagulation and flocculation for water reuse in irrigation |
| topic | advanced treatment upgrading secondary effluent water reuse Yazd-ICEAS |
| url | http://jwrd.iwaponline.com/content/7/3/298 |
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