Spatial Heterogeneity and Temporal Trends in Malaria on the Thai–Myanmar Border (2012–2017): A Retrospective Observational Study
Malaria infections remain an important public health problem for the Thai–Myanmar border population, despite a plan for the elimination by the end of 2026 (Thailand) and 2030 (Myanmar). This study aimed to explore spatiotemporal patterns in <i>Plasmodium falciparum</i> and <...
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MDPI AG
2019-04-01
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| Series: | Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2414-6366/4/2/62 |
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| author | Sayambhu Saita Tassanee Silawan Daniel M. Parker Patchara Sriwichai Suparat Phuanukoonnon Prayuth Sudathip Richard J. Maude Lisa J. White Wirichada Pan-ngum |
| author_facet | Sayambhu Saita Tassanee Silawan Daniel M. Parker Patchara Sriwichai Suparat Phuanukoonnon Prayuth Sudathip Richard J. Maude Lisa J. White Wirichada Pan-ngum |
| author_sort | Sayambhu Saita |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Malaria infections remain an important public health problem for the Thai–Myanmar border population, despite a plan for the elimination by the end of 2026 (Thailand) and 2030 (Myanmar). This study aimed to explore spatiotemporal patterns in <i>Plasmodium falciparum</i> and <i>Plasmodium vivax</i> incidence along the Thai–Myanmar border. Malaria cases among Thai citizens in 161 sub-districts in Thailand’s Kanchanaburi and Tak Provinces (2012–2017) were analyzed to assess the cluster areas and temporal trends. Based on reported incidence, 65.22% and 40.99% of the areas studied were seen to be at elimination levels for <i>P. falciparum</i> and <i>P. vivax</i> already, respectively. There were two clear clusters of malaria in the region: One in the northern part (Cluster I), and the other in the central part (Cluster II). In Cluster I, the malaria season exhibited two peaks, while there was only one peak seen for Cluster II. Malaria incidence decreased at a faster rate in Cluster I, with 5% and 4% reductions compared with 4% and 3% reductions in <i>P. falciparum</i> and <i>P. vivax</i> incidence per month, respectively, in Cluster II. The decreasing trends reflect the achievements of malaria control efforts on both sides of the Thai–Myanmar border. However, these clusters could act as reservoirs. Perhaps one of the main challenges facing elimination programs in this low transmission setting is maintaining a strong system for early diagnosis and treatment, even when malaria cases are very close to zero, whilst preventing re-importation of cases. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-11T22:14:31Z |
| format | Article |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2414-6366 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-11T22:14:31Z |
| publishDate | 2019-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease |
| spelling | doaj.art-43eb14e98d244b79a5928dc3523803792022-12-22T04:00:28ZengMDPI AGTropical Medicine and Infectious Disease2414-63662019-04-01426210.3390/tropicalmed4020062tropicalmed4020062Spatial Heterogeneity and Temporal Trends in Malaria on the Thai–Myanmar Border (2012–2017): A Retrospective Observational StudySayambhu Saita0Tassanee Silawan1Daniel M. Parker2Patchara Sriwichai3Suparat Phuanukoonnon4Prayuth Sudathip5Richard J. Maude6Lisa J. White7Wirichada Pan-ngum8Department of Tropical Hygiene, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, ThailandDepartment of Community Health, Faculty of Public Health, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, ThailandDepartment of Population Health and Disease Prevention, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USADepartment of Medical Entomology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, ThailandDepartment of Social and Environmental Medicine, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, ThailandBureau of Vector-borne Diseases, Department of Disease Control, Ministry of Public Health, Nonthaburi 11000, ThailandCentre for Tropical Medicine, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UKCentre for Tropical Medicine, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UKDepartment of Tropical Hygiene, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, ThailandMalaria infections remain an important public health problem for the Thai–Myanmar border population, despite a plan for the elimination by the end of 2026 (Thailand) and 2030 (Myanmar). This study aimed to explore spatiotemporal patterns in <i>Plasmodium falciparum</i> and <i>Plasmodium vivax</i> incidence along the Thai–Myanmar border. Malaria cases among Thai citizens in 161 sub-districts in Thailand’s Kanchanaburi and Tak Provinces (2012–2017) were analyzed to assess the cluster areas and temporal trends. Based on reported incidence, 65.22% and 40.99% of the areas studied were seen to be at elimination levels for <i>P. falciparum</i> and <i>P. vivax</i> already, respectively. There were two clear clusters of malaria in the region: One in the northern part (Cluster I), and the other in the central part (Cluster II). In Cluster I, the malaria season exhibited two peaks, while there was only one peak seen for Cluster II. Malaria incidence decreased at a faster rate in Cluster I, with 5% and 4% reductions compared with 4% and 3% reductions in <i>P. falciparum</i> and <i>P. vivax</i> incidence per month, respectively, in Cluster II. The decreasing trends reflect the achievements of malaria control efforts on both sides of the Thai–Myanmar border. However, these clusters could act as reservoirs. Perhaps one of the main challenges facing elimination programs in this low transmission setting is maintaining a strong system for early diagnosis and treatment, even when malaria cases are very close to zero, whilst preventing re-importation of cases.https://www.mdpi.com/2414-6366/4/2/62spatial patternstemporal trends<i>Plasmodium falciparum</i><i>Plasmodium vivax</i>Thai–Myanmar border |
| spellingShingle | Sayambhu Saita Tassanee Silawan Daniel M. Parker Patchara Sriwichai Suparat Phuanukoonnon Prayuth Sudathip Richard J. Maude Lisa J. White Wirichada Pan-ngum Spatial Heterogeneity and Temporal Trends in Malaria on the Thai–Myanmar Border (2012–2017): A Retrospective Observational Study Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease spatial patterns temporal trends <i>Plasmodium falciparum</i> <i>Plasmodium vivax</i> Thai–Myanmar border |
| title | Spatial Heterogeneity and Temporal Trends in Malaria on the Thai–Myanmar Border (2012–2017): A Retrospective Observational Study |
| title_full | Spatial Heterogeneity and Temporal Trends in Malaria on the Thai–Myanmar Border (2012–2017): A Retrospective Observational Study |
| title_fullStr | Spatial Heterogeneity and Temporal Trends in Malaria on the Thai–Myanmar Border (2012–2017): A Retrospective Observational Study |
| title_full_unstemmed | Spatial Heterogeneity and Temporal Trends in Malaria on the Thai–Myanmar Border (2012–2017): A Retrospective Observational Study |
| title_short | Spatial Heterogeneity and Temporal Trends in Malaria on the Thai–Myanmar Border (2012–2017): A Retrospective Observational Study |
| title_sort | spatial heterogeneity and temporal trends in malaria on the thai myanmar border 2012 2017 a retrospective observational study |
| topic | spatial patterns temporal trends <i>Plasmodium falciparum</i> <i>Plasmodium vivax</i> Thai–Myanmar border |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2414-6366/4/2/62 |
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