Study of The Reaction Mechanism to Produce Nanocellulose-Graft-Chitosan Polymer
Cellulose and chitin are the most abundant polymeric materials in nature, capable of replacing conventional synthetic polymers. From them, cellulose nano/microfibers (CNFs/CMFs) and chitosan are obtained. Both polymers have been used separately in graft copolymerization but there are not many studie...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2018-10-01
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| Series: | Nanomaterials |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/8/11/883 |
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| author | Jose Luis Sanchez-Salvador Ana Balea M. Concepcion Monte Angeles Blanco Carlos Negro |
| author_facet | Jose Luis Sanchez-Salvador Ana Balea M. Concepcion Monte Angeles Blanco Carlos Negro |
| author_sort | Jose Luis Sanchez-Salvador |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Cellulose and chitin are the most abundant polymeric materials in nature, capable of replacing conventional synthetic polymers. From them, cellulose nano/microfibers (CNFs/CMFs) and chitosan are obtained. Both polymers have been used separately in graft copolymerization but there are not many studies on the use of cellulose and chitosan together as copolymers and the reaction mechanism is unknown. In this work, the reaction mechanism to produce nano/microcellulose-graft-chitosan polymer has been studied. Recycled cellulose pulp was used, with and without a 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-1-oxyl-radical (TEMPO)-mediated oxidation pretreatment, to produce CNFs and CMFs, respectively. For chitosan, a low-molecular weight product dissolved in an acetic acid solution was prepared. Grafted polymers were synthesized using a microwave digester. Results showed that TEMPO-mediated oxidation as the cellulose pretreatment is a key factor to obtain the grafted polymer CNF-g-CH. A reaction mechanism has been proposed where the amino group of chitosan attacks the carboxylic group of oxidized cellulose, since non-oxidized CMFs do not achieve the desired grafting. <sup>13</sup>C NMR spectra, elemental analysis and SEM images validated the proposed mechanism. Finally, CNF-g-CH was used as a promising material to remove water-based inks and dyes from wastewater. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-20T07:20:03Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-43ff1ee371674cb3a46049c188e08fbc |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2079-4991 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-20T07:20:03Z |
| publishDate | 2018-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Nanomaterials |
| spelling | doaj.art-43ff1ee371674cb3a46049c188e08fbc2022-12-21T19:48:42ZengMDPI AGNanomaterials2079-49912018-10-0181188310.3390/nano8110883nano8110883Study of The Reaction Mechanism to Produce Nanocellulose-Graft-Chitosan PolymerJose Luis Sanchez-Salvador0Ana Balea1M. Concepcion Monte2Angeles Blanco3Carlos Negro4Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Av. Complutense s/n, 28040 Madrid, SpainDepartment of Chemical Engineering and Materials, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Av. Complutense s/n, 28040 Madrid, SpainDepartment of Chemical Engineering and Materials, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Av. Complutense s/n, 28040 Madrid, SpainDepartment of Chemical Engineering and Materials, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Av. Complutense s/n, 28040 Madrid, SpainDepartment of Chemical Engineering and Materials, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Av. Complutense s/n, 28040 Madrid, SpainCellulose and chitin are the most abundant polymeric materials in nature, capable of replacing conventional synthetic polymers. From them, cellulose nano/microfibers (CNFs/CMFs) and chitosan are obtained. Both polymers have been used separately in graft copolymerization but there are not many studies on the use of cellulose and chitosan together as copolymers and the reaction mechanism is unknown. In this work, the reaction mechanism to produce nano/microcellulose-graft-chitosan polymer has been studied. Recycled cellulose pulp was used, with and without a 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-1-oxyl-radical (TEMPO)-mediated oxidation pretreatment, to produce CNFs and CMFs, respectively. For chitosan, a low-molecular weight product dissolved in an acetic acid solution was prepared. Grafted polymers were synthesized using a microwave digester. Results showed that TEMPO-mediated oxidation as the cellulose pretreatment is a key factor to obtain the grafted polymer CNF-g-CH. A reaction mechanism has been proposed where the amino group of chitosan attacks the carboxylic group of oxidized cellulose, since non-oxidized CMFs do not achieve the desired grafting. <sup>13</sup>C NMR spectra, elemental analysis and SEM images validated the proposed mechanism. Finally, CNF-g-CH was used as a promising material to remove water-based inks and dyes from wastewater.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/8/11/883cellulose nanofiberscellulose microfiberschitosangraftingreaction mechanismnanocellulose-graft-chitosanwater-based inks |
| spellingShingle | Jose Luis Sanchez-Salvador Ana Balea M. Concepcion Monte Angeles Blanco Carlos Negro Study of The Reaction Mechanism to Produce Nanocellulose-Graft-Chitosan Polymer Nanomaterials cellulose nanofibers cellulose microfibers chitosan grafting reaction mechanism nanocellulose-graft-chitosan water-based inks |
| title | Study of The Reaction Mechanism to Produce Nanocellulose-Graft-Chitosan Polymer |
| title_full | Study of The Reaction Mechanism to Produce Nanocellulose-Graft-Chitosan Polymer |
| title_fullStr | Study of The Reaction Mechanism to Produce Nanocellulose-Graft-Chitosan Polymer |
| title_full_unstemmed | Study of The Reaction Mechanism to Produce Nanocellulose-Graft-Chitosan Polymer |
| title_short | Study of The Reaction Mechanism to Produce Nanocellulose-Graft-Chitosan Polymer |
| title_sort | study of the reaction mechanism to produce nanocellulose graft chitosan polymer |
| topic | cellulose nanofibers cellulose microfibers chitosan grafting reaction mechanism nanocellulose-graft-chitosan water-based inks |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/8/11/883 |
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