Effects of NH4+/citrate complexing agent ratio on Ni–Mo and Ni–Mo–O electrodeposits from ammonium citrate baths
To understand the effect of complexing agents (i.e., ammonium and citrate) in nickel–molybdenum electrodeposition, calculation of the concentration of various Ni and Mo species as a function of pH and initial concentration of metal ions and complexing agents was performed. In addition, linear sweep...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2022-08-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Chemistry |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fchem.2022.942423/full |
| _version_ | 1828147878928842752 |
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| author | Dung T. To Sun Hwa Park Min Joong Kim Hyun-Seok Cho Nosang V. Myung |
| author_facet | Dung T. To Sun Hwa Park Min Joong Kim Hyun-Seok Cho Nosang V. Myung |
| author_sort | Dung T. To |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | To understand the effect of complexing agents (i.e., ammonium and citrate) in nickel–molybdenum electrodeposition, calculation of the concentration of various Ni and Mo species as a function of pH and initial concentration of metal ions and complexing agents was performed. In addition, linear sweep voltammetry and Hull cell experiments were systematically investigated to understand the effect of current density and ammonium-to-citrate ratio to film compositions, morphology, and crystallinity. The results indicated that Ni(NH3)32+ played a critical role in induced co-deposition mechanism of Ni–Mo alloys, which involved the reduced Ni and absorbed H atoms. Microstructure analysis of deposits indicated that the transition from smooth laminarly grown amorphous Ni–Mo–O composites to columnar and nanocrystalline metallic Ni–Mo alloys with a globular structure as the ammonium-to-citrate molar ratio increases. The highest Mo content of alloys was as high as 19 at%, and up to 70 at% O was present in the composites. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-11T21:07:45Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-44090b152f094361a403a60ed50769d8 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2296-2646 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-11T21:07:45Z |
| publishDate | 2022-08-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Chemistry |
| spelling | doaj.art-44090b152f094361a403a60ed50769d82022-12-22T04:03:13ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Chemistry2296-26462022-08-011010.3389/fchem.2022.942423942423Effects of NH4+/citrate complexing agent ratio on Ni–Mo and Ni–Mo–O electrodeposits from ammonium citrate bathsDung T. To0Sun Hwa Park1Min Joong Kim2Hyun-Seok Cho3Nosang V. Myung4Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, KoreaSmart Devices Team, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Deajeon, KoreaHydrogen Research Department, Korea Institute of Energy Research, Daejeon, KoreaHydrogen Research Department, Korea Institute of Energy Research, Daejeon, KoreaDepartment of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, KoreaTo understand the effect of complexing agents (i.e., ammonium and citrate) in nickel–molybdenum electrodeposition, calculation of the concentration of various Ni and Mo species as a function of pH and initial concentration of metal ions and complexing agents was performed. In addition, linear sweep voltammetry and Hull cell experiments were systematically investigated to understand the effect of current density and ammonium-to-citrate ratio to film compositions, morphology, and crystallinity. The results indicated that Ni(NH3)32+ played a critical role in induced co-deposition mechanism of Ni–Mo alloys, which involved the reduced Ni and absorbed H atoms. Microstructure analysis of deposits indicated that the transition from smooth laminarly grown amorphous Ni–Mo–O composites to columnar and nanocrystalline metallic Ni–Mo alloys with a globular structure as the ammonium-to-citrate molar ratio increases. The highest Mo content of alloys was as high as 19 at%, and up to 70 at% O was present in the composites.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fchem.2022.942423/fullNi–Mo alloysNi–Mo–O compositesinduced co-depositionHull cellelectrodeposition |
| spellingShingle | Dung T. To Sun Hwa Park Min Joong Kim Hyun-Seok Cho Nosang V. Myung Effects of NH4+/citrate complexing agent ratio on Ni–Mo and Ni–Mo–O electrodeposits from ammonium citrate baths Frontiers in Chemistry Ni–Mo alloys Ni–Mo–O composites induced co-deposition Hull cell electrodeposition |
| title | Effects of NH4+/citrate complexing agent ratio on Ni–Mo and Ni–Mo–O electrodeposits from ammonium citrate baths |
| title_full | Effects of NH4+/citrate complexing agent ratio on Ni–Mo and Ni–Mo–O electrodeposits from ammonium citrate baths |
| title_fullStr | Effects of NH4+/citrate complexing agent ratio on Ni–Mo and Ni–Mo–O electrodeposits from ammonium citrate baths |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effects of NH4+/citrate complexing agent ratio on Ni–Mo and Ni–Mo–O electrodeposits from ammonium citrate baths |
| title_short | Effects of NH4+/citrate complexing agent ratio on Ni–Mo and Ni–Mo–O electrodeposits from ammonium citrate baths |
| title_sort | effects of nh4 citrate complexing agent ratio on ni mo and ni mo o electrodeposits from ammonium citrate baths |
| topic | Ni–Mo alloys Ni–Mo–O composites induced co-deposition Hull cell electrodeposition |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fchem.2022.942423/full |
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