A systematic literature review of the global seroprevalence of cytomegalovirus: possible implications for treatment, screening, and vaccine development
Abstract Background Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a common pathogen that affects individuals of all ages and establishes lifelong latency. Although CMV is typically asymptomatic in healthy individuals, infection during pregnancy or in immunocompromised individuals can cause severe disease. Currently, tre...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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BMC
2022-09-01
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| Series: | BMC Public Health |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-022-13971-7 |
| _version_ | 1798037311726813184 |
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| author | Karen Fowler Jacek Mucha Monika Neumann Witold Lewandowski Magdalena Kaczanowska Maciej Grys Elvira Schmidt Andrew Natenshon Carla Talarico Philip O. Buck John Diaz-Decaro |
| author_facet | Karen Fowler Jacek Mucha Monika Neumann Witold Lewandowski Magdalena Kaczanowska Maciej Grys Elvira Schmidt Andrew Natenshon Carla Talarico Philip O. Buck John Diaz-Decaro |
| author_sort | Karen Fowler |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a common pathogen that affects individuals of all ages and establishes lifelong latency. Although CMV is typically asymptomatic in healthy individuals, infection during pregnancy or in immunocompromised individuals can cause severe disease. Currently, treatments are limited, with no prophylactic vaccine available. Knowledge of the current epidemiologic burden of CMV is necessary to understand the need for treatment and prevention. A systematic literature review (SLR) was conducted to describe the most recent epidemiologic burden of CMV globally. Methods Medline, Embase, and LILACS were searched to identify data on CMV prevalence, seroprevalence, shedding, and transmission rates. The SLR covered the time period of 2010–2020 and focused geographically on Australia, Europe, Israel, Japan, Latin America (LATAM), and North America. Studies were excluded if they were systematic or narrative reviews, abstracts, case series, letters, or correspondence. Studies with sample sizes < 100 were excluded to focus on studies with higher quality of data. Results Twenty-nine studies were included. Among adult men, CMV immunoglobulin G (IgG) seroprevalence ranged from 39.3% (France) to 48.0% (United States). Among women of reproductive age in Europe, Japan, LATAM, and North America, CMV IgG seroprevalence was 45.6-95.7%, 60.2%, 58.3-94.5%, and 24.6-81.0%, respectively. Seroprevalence increased with age and was lower in developed than developing countries, but data were limited. No studies of CMV immunoglobulin M (IgM) seroprevalence among men were identified. Among women of reproductive age, CMV IgM seroprevalence was heterogenous across Europe (1.0-4.6%), North America (2.3-4.5%), Japan (0.8%), and LATAM (0-0.7%). CMV seroprevalence correlated with race, ethnicity, socioeconomic status, and education level. CMV shedding ranged between 0% and 70.2% depending on age group. No findings on CMV transmission rates were identified. Conclusions Certain populations and regions are at a substantially higher risk of CMV infection. The extensive epidemiologic burden of CMV calls for increased efforts in the research and development of vaccines and treatments. Trial registration N/A. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-11T21:24:50Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-44123ed7f23f40c984013c2e95c217d8 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1471-2458 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-11T21:24:50Z |
| publishDate | 2022-09-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | BMC Public Health |
| spelling | doaj.art-44123ed7f23f40c984013c2e95c217d82022-12-22T04:02:27ZengBMCBMC Public Health1471-24582022-09-0122111510.1186/s12889-022-13971-7A systematic literature review of the global seroprevalence of cytomegalovirus: possible implications for treatment, screening, and vaccine developmentKaren Fowler0Jacek Mucha1Monika Neumann2Witold Lewandowski3Magdalena Kaczanowska4Maciej Grys5Elvira Schmidt6Andrew Natenshon7Carla Talarico8Philip O. Buck9John Diaz-Decaro10University of Alabama at BirminghamCertara, Inc.Certara, Inc.Certara, Inc.Certara, Inc.Certara, Inc.Certara, Inc.Moderna, Inc.Moderna, Inc.Moderna, Inc.Moderna, Inc.Abstract Background Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a common pathogen that affects individuals of all ages and establishes lifelong latency. Although CMV is typically asymptomatic in healthy individuals, infection during pregnancy or in immunocompromised individuals can cause severe disease. Currently, treatments are limited, with no prophylactic vaccine available. Knowledge of the current epidemiologic burden of CMV is necessary to understand the need for treatment and prevention. A systematic literature review (SLR) was conducted to describe the most recent epidemiologic burden of CMV globally. Methods Medline, Embase, and LILACS were searched to identify data on CMV prevalence, seroprevalence, shedding, and transmission rates. The SLR covered the time period of 2010–2020 and focused geographically on Australia, Europe, Israel, Japan, Latin America (LATAM), and North America. Studies were excluded if they were systematic or narrative reviews, abstracts, case series, letters, or correspondence. Studies with sample sizes < 100 were excluded to focus on studies with higher quality of data. Results Twenty-nine studies were included. Among adult men, CMV immunoglobulin G (IgG) seroprevalence ranged from 39.3% (France) to 48.0% (United States). Among women of reproductive age in Europe, Japan, LATAM, and North America, CMV IgG seroprevalence was 45.6-95.7%, 60.2%, 58.3-94.5%, and 24.6-81.0%, respectively. Seroprevalence increased with age and was lower in developed than developing countries, but data were limited. No studies of CMV immunoglobulin M (IgM) seroprevalence among men were identified. Among women of reproductive age, CMV IgM seroprevalence was heterogenous across Europe (1.0-4.6%), North America (2.3-4.5%), Japan (0.8%), and LATAM (0-0.7%). CMV seroprevalence correlated with race, ethnicity, socioeconomic status, and education level. CMV shedding ranged between 0% and 70.2% depending on age group. No findings on CMV transmission rates were identified. Conclusions Certain populations and regions are at a substantially higher risk of CMV infection. The extensive epidemiologic burden of CMV calls for increased efforts in the research and development of vaccines and treatments. Trial registration N/A.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-022-13971-7CytomegalovirusCongenital cytomegalovirusCMVEpidemiologyPrevalenceSeroprevalence |
| spellingShingle | Karen Fowler Jacek Mucha Monika Neumann Witold Lewandowski Magdalena Kaczanowska Maciej Grys Elvira Schmidt Andrew Natenshon Carla Talarico Philip O. Buck John Diaz-Decaro A systematic literature review of the global seroprevalence of cytomegalovirus: possible implications for treatment, screening, and vaccine development BMC Public Health Cytomegalovirus Congenital cytomegalovirus CMV Epidemiology Prevalence Seroprevalence |
| title | A systematic literature review of the global seroprevalence of cytomegalovirus: possible implications for treatment, screening, and vaccine development |
| title_full | A systematic literature review of the global seroprevalence of cytomegalovirus: possible implications for treatment, screening, and vaccine development |
| title_fullStr | A systematic literature review of the global seroprevalence of cytomegalovirus: possible implications for treatment, screening, and vaccine development |
| title_full_unstemmed | A systematic literature review of the global seroprevalence of cytomegalovirus: possible implications for treatment, screening, and vaccine development |
| title_short | A systematic literature review of the global seroprevalence of cytomegalovirus: possible implications for treatment, screening, and vaccine development |
| title_sort | systematic literature review of the global seroprevalence of cytomegalovirus possible implications for treatment screening and vaccine development |
| topic | Cytomegalovirus Congenital cytomegalovirus CMV Epidemiology Prevalence Seroprevalence |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-022-13971-7 |
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