Hypoxia and Extracellular Acidification as Drivers of Melanoma Progression and Drug Resistance
Hypoxia and elevated extracellular acidification are prevalent features of solid tumors and they are often shown to facilitate cancer progression and drug resistance. In this review, we have compiled recent and most relevant research pertaining to the role of hypoxia and acidification in melanoma gr...
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MDPI AG
2021-04-01
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| Series: | Cells |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/10/4/862 |
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| author | Ewelina Dratkiewicz Aleksandra Simiczyjew Justyna Mazurkiewicz Marcin Ziętek Rafał Matkowski Dorota Nowak |
| author_facet | Ewelina Dratkiewicz Aleksandra Simiczyjew Justyna Mazurkiewicz Marcin Ziętek Rafał Matkowski Dorota Nowak |
| author_sort | Ewelina Dratkiewicz |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Hypoxia and elevated extracellular acidification are prevalent features of solid tumors and they are often shown to facilitate cancer progression and drug resistance. In this review, we have compiled recent and most relevant research pertaining to the role of hypoxia and acidification in melanoma growth, invasiveness, and response to therapy. Melanoma represents a highly aggressive and heterogeneous type of skin cancer. Currently employed treatments, including BRAF V600E inhibitors and immune therapy, often are not effective due to a rapidly developing drug resistance. A variety of intracellular mechanisms impeding the treatment were discovered. However, the tumor microenvironment encompassing stromal and immune cells, extracellular matrix, and physicochemical conditions such as oxygen level or acidity, may also influence the therapy effectiveness. Hypoxia and acidification are able to reprogram the metabolism of melanoma cells, enhance their survival and invasiveness, as well as promote the immunosuppressive environment. For this reason, these physicochemical features of the melanoma niche and signaling pathways related to them emerge as potential therapeutic targets. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T12:27:51Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-4418a591db5a4b81be9297cbcc1b2efe |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4409 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T12:27:51Z |
| publishDate | 2021-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Cells |
| spelling | doaj.art-4418a591db5a4b81be9297cbcc1b2efe2023-11-21T14:54:43ZengMDPI AGCells2073-44092021-04-0110486210.3390/cells10040862Hypoxia and Extracellular Acidification as Drivers of Melanoma Progression and Drug ResistanceEwelina Dratkiewicz0Aleksandra Simiczyjew1Justyna Mazurkiewicz2Marcin Ziętek3Rafał Matkowski4Dorota Nowak5Department of Cell Pathology, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383 Wroclaw, PolandDepartment of Cell Pathology, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383 Wroclaw, PolandDepartment of Cell Pathology, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383 Wroclaw, PolandDepartment of Oncology and Division of Surgical Oncology, Wroclaw Medical University, Plac Hirszfelda 12, 53-413 Wroclaw, PolandDepartment of Oncology and Division of Surgical Oncology, Wroclaw Medical University, Plac Hirszfelda 12, 53-413 Wroclaw, PolandDepartment of Cell Pathology, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383 Wroclaw, PolandHypoxia and elevated extracellular acidification are prevalent features of solid tumors and they are often shown to facilitate cancer progression and drug resistance. In this review, we have compiled recent and most relevant research pertaining to the role of hypoxia and acidification in melanoma growth, invasiveness, and response to therapy. Melanoma represents a highly aggressive and heterogeneous type of skin cancer. Currently employed treatments, including BRAF V600E inhibitors and immune therapy, often are not effective due to a rapidly developing drug resistance. A variety of intracellular mechanisms impeding the treatment were discovered. However, the tumor microenvironment encompassing stromal and immune cells, extracellular matrix, and physicochemical conditions such as oxygen level or acidity, may also influence the therapy effectiveness. Hypoxia and acidification are able to reprogram the metabolism of melanoma cells, enhance their survival and invasiveness, as well as promote the immunosuppressive environment. For this reason, these physicochemical features of the melanoma niche and signaling pathways related to them emerge as potential therapeutic targets.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/10/4/862melanomahypoxiaacidificationdrug resistancetumor microenvironmentimmune escape |
| spellingShingle | Ewelina Dratkiewicz Aleksandra Simiczyjew Justyna Mazurkiewicz Marcin Ziętek Rafał Matkowski Dorota Nowak Hypoxia and Extracellular Acidification as Drivers of Melanoma Progression and Drug Resistance Cells melanoma hypoxia acidification drug resistance tumor microenvironment immune escape |
| title | Hypoxia and Extracellular Acidification as Drivers of Melanoma Progression and Drug Resistance |
| title_full | Hypoxia and Extracellular Acidification as Drivers of Melanoma Progression and Drug Resistance |
| title_fullStr | Hypoxia and Extracellular Acidification as Drivers of Melanoma Progression and Drug Resistance |
| title_full_unstemmed | Hypoxia and Extracellular Acidification as Drivers of Melanoma Progression and Drug Resistance |
| title_short | Hypoxia and Extracellular Acidification as Drivers of Melanoma Progression and Drug Resistance |
| title_sort | hypoxia and extracellular acidification as drivers of melanoma progression and drug resistance |
| topic | melanoma hypoxia acidification drug resistance tumor microenvironment immune escape |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/10/4/862 |
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