An Assessment of the Antarctic Sea Ice Mass Budget Simulation in CMIP6 Historical Experiment
The sea ice formation and dissipation processes are complicated and involve many factors and mechanisms, from the basal growth/melting, the frazil ice formation, the snow ice processes to the dynamic process, etc. The contribution of different factors to the sea ice extent among different models ove...
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2021-04-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Earth Science |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/feart.2021.649743/full |
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| author | Sirui Li Sirui Li Gang Huang Gang Huang Xichen Li Xichen Li Jiping Liu Jiping Liu Guangzhou Fan |
| author_facet | Sirui Li Sirui Li Gang Huang Gang Huang Xichen Li Xichen Li Jiping Liu Jiping Liu Guangzhou Fan |
| author_sort | Sirui Li |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The sea ice formation and dissipation processes are complicated and involve many factors and mechanisms, from the basal growth/melting, the frazil ice formation, the snow ice processes to the dynamic process, etc. The contribution of different factors to the sea ice extent among different models over the Antarctic region has not been systematically evaluated. In this study, we evaluate and quantify the uncertainties of different contributors to the Antarctic Sea ice mass budget among 15 models from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6). Results show that the simulated total Antarctic Sea ice mass budget is primarily adjusted by the basal growth/melting terms, the frazil ice formation term and the snow-ice term, whereas the top melting terms, the lateral melting terms, the dynamic process and the evaporation process play secondary roles. In addition, while recent studies indicated that the contributors of the Arctic Sea ice formation/dissipation processes show strong coherency among different CMIP models, our results revealed a significant model diversity over the Antarctic region, indicating that the uncertainties of the sea ice formation and dissipation are still considerable in these state-of-the-art climate models. The largest uncertainties appear in the snow ice formation, the basal melting and the top melting terms, whose spread among different models is of the same order of magnitude as the multi-model mean. In some models, large positive bias in the snow ice terms may neutralize the strong negative bias of the basal/top melting terms, resulting in a similar value of the total Antarctic Sea ice area compared with other models, yet with an inaccurate physical process. The uncertainties in these Antarctic Sea ice formation/dissipation terms highlight the importance of further improving the sea ice dynamical and parameterization processes in the state-of-the-art models. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-14T19:57:52Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-441f56ffc8764658b05d4861efaffcde |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2296-6463 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-14T19:57:52Z |
| publishDate | 2021-04-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Earth Science |
| spelling | doaj.art-441f56ffc8764658b05d4861efaffcde2022-12-21T22:49:15ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Earth Science2296-64632021-04-01910.3389/feart.2021.649743649743An Assessment of the Antarctic Sea Ice Mass Budget Simulation in CMIP6 Historical ExperimentSirui Li0Sirui Li1Gang Huang2Gang Huang3Xichen Li4Xichen Li5Jiping Liu6Jiping Liu7Guangzhou Fan8College of Atmospheric Science, Chengdu University of Information Technology, Chengdu, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, ChinaUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, ChinaUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, ChinaInternational Center for Climate and Environment Sciences, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, ChinaUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, ChinaCollege of Atmospheric Science, Chengdu University of Information Technology, Chengdu, ChinaThe sea ice formation and dissipation processes are complicated and involve many factors and mechanisms, from the basal growth/melting, the frazil ice formation, the snow ice processes to the dynamic process, etc. The contribution of different factors to the sea ice extent among different models over the Antarctic region has not been systematically evaluated. In this study, we evaluate and quantify the uncertainties of different contributors to the Antarctic Sea ice mass budget among 15 models from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6). Results show that the simulated total Antarctic Sea ice mass budget is primarily adjusted by the basal growth/melting terms, the frazil ice formation term and the snow-ice term, whereas the top melting terms, the lateral melting terms, the dynamic process and the evaporation process play secondary roles. In addition, while recent studies indicated that the contributors of the Arctic Sea ice formation/dissipation processes show strong coherency among different CMIP models, our results revealed a significant model diversity over the Antarctic region, indicating that the uncertainties of the sea ice formation and dissipation are still considerable in these state-of-the-art climate models. The largest uncertainties appear in the snow ice formation, the basal melting and the top melting terms, whose spread among different models is of the same order of magnitude as the multi-model mean. In some models, large positive bias in the snow ice terms may neutralize the strong negative bias of the basal/top melting terms, resulting in a similar value of the total Antarctic Sea ice area compared with other models, yet with an inaccurate physical process. The uncertainties in these Antarctic Sea ice formation/dissipation terms highlight the importance of further improving the sea ice dynamical and parameterization processes in the state-of-the-art models.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/feart.2021.649743/fullAntarctic Sea iceuncertaintyclimate modelsCMIP6mass budget |
| spellingShingle | Sirui Li Sirui Li Gang Huang Gang Huang Xichen Li Xichen Li Jiping Liu Jiping Liu Guangzhou Fan An Assessment of the Antarctic Sea Ice Mass Budget Simulation in CMIP6 Historical Experiment Frontiers in Earth Science Antarctic Sea ice uncertainty climate models CMIP6 mass budget |
| title | An Assessment of the Antarctic Sea Ice Mass Budget Simulation in CMIP6 Historical Experiment |
| title_full | An Assessment of the Antarctic Sea Ice Mass Budget Simulation in CMIP6 Historical Experiment |
| title_fullStr | An Assessment of the Antarctic Sea Ice Mass Budget Simulation in CMIP6 Historical Experiment |
| title_full_unstemmed | An Assessment of the Antarctic Sea Ice Mass Budget Simulation in CMIP6 Historical Experiment |
| title_short | An Assessment of the Antarctic Sea Ice Mass Budget Simulation in CMIP6 Historical Experiment |
| title_sort | assessment of the antarctic sea ice mass budget simulation in cmip6 historical experiment |
| topic | Antarctic Sea ice uncertainty climate models CMIP6 mass budget |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/feart.2021.649743/full |
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