Establishment of reference intervals of monomeric prolactin to identify macroprolactinemia in Chinese patients with increased total prolactin
Abstract Background Macroprolactin is responsible for pseudohyperprolactinemia and is a common pitfall of the prolactin immunoassay. We aimed to determine the frequency of macroprolactinemia in Chinese hyperprolactinemic patients using monomeric prolactin discriminated by precipitation with polyethy...
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| Format: | Article |
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BMC
2021-10-01
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| Series: | BMC Endocrine Disorders |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12902-021-00861-z |
| _version_ | 1818880986326237184 |
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| author | Yao Hu Jiajin Ni Buyue Zhang Wei Cheng Huating Zhang Hongying Ye Lijin Ji Bin Lu Ming Guan |
| author_facet | Yao Hu Jiajin Ni Buyue Zhang Wei Cheng Huating Zhang Hongying Ye Lijin Ji Bin Lu Ming Guan |
| author_sort | Yao Hu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background Macroprolactin is responsible for pseudohyperprolactinemia and is a common pitfall of the prolactin immunoassay. We aimed to determine the frequency of macroprolactinemia in Chinese hyperprolactinemic patients using monomeric prolactin discriminated by precipitation with polyethylene glycol (PEG). Methods Post-PEG monomeric prolactin gender-specific reference intervals were established for the Elecsys immunoassay method (Roche Diagnostics) using sera from healthy female (n = 120) and male (n = 120) donors. The reference intervals were validated using 20 macroprolactinemic (as assessed by gel filtration chromatography (GFC)) sera samples, and presence of monomeric prolactin was discriminated by GFC. Patients with high total prolactin were then screened by PEG precipitation to analyze macroprolactin. The demographic and biochemical details of patients with true hyperprolactinemia and macroprolactinemia were compared. Results Reference intervals for monomeric prolactin in females and males were 3.4–18.5 and 2.7–13.1 ng/mL, respectively. Among 1140 hyperprolactinemic patients, macroprolactinemia was identified in 261 (22.9 %) patients while the other 879 (77.1 %) patients were diagnosed with true hyperprolactinemia. Menstrual disturbances were the most common clinical feature in both groups. Galactorrhea, amenorrhea, and visual disturbances occurred more frequently in true hyperprolactinemic patients (P < 0.05). Conclusions The prevalence of macroprolactin in Chinese patients with hyperprolactinemia was described for the first time. Monomeric prolactin concentration, along with a reference interval screening with PEG precipitation, provides a diagnostic approach for hyperprolactinemia with improved accuracy. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-19T14:54:41Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-4425b1a8fa1844b4aabf8cd527a7d469 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1472-6823 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-19T14:54:41Z |
| publishDate | 2021-10-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | BMC Endocrine Disorders |
| spelling | doaj.art-4425b1a8fa1844b4aabf8cd527a7d4692022-12-21T20:16:45ZengBMCBMC Endocrine Disorders1472-68232021-10-012111710.1186/s12902-021-00861-zEstablishment of reference intervals of monomeric prolactin to identify macroprolactinemia in Chinese patients with increased total prolactinYao Hu0Jiajin Ni1Buyue Zhang2Wei Cheng3Huating Zhang4Hongying Ye5Lijin Ji6Bin Lu7Ming Guan8Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Medical College, Huashan Hospital, Fudan UniversityDepartment of Nursing, Shanghai Medical College, Huashan Hospital, Fudan UniversityDepartment of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Medical College, Huashan Hospital, Fudan UniversityDepartment of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Medical College, Huashan Hospital, Fudan UniversityDepartment of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Medical College, Huashan Hospital, Fudan UniversityDepartment of Endocrinology, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan UniversityDepartment of Endocrinology, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan UniversityDepartment of Endocrinology, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan UniversityDepartment of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Medical College, Huashan Hospital, Fudan UniversityAbstract Background Macroprolactin is responsible for pseudohyperprolactinemia and is a common pitfall of the prolactin immunoassay. We aimed to determine the frequency of macroprolactinemia in Chinese hyperprolactinemic patients using monomeric prolactin discriminated by precipitation with polyethylene glycol (PEG). Methods Post-PEG monomeric prolactin gender-specific reference intervals were established for the Elecsys immunoassay method (Roche Diagnostics) using sera from healthy female (n = 120) and male (n = 120) donors. The reference intervals were validated using 20 macroprolactinemic (as assessed by gel filtration chromatography (GFC)) sera samples, and presence of monomeric prolactin was discriminated by GFC. Patients with high total prolactin were then screened by PEG precipitation to analyze macroprolactin. The demographic and biochemical details of patients with true hyperprolactinemia and macroprolactinemia were compared. Results Reference intervals for monomeric prolactin in females and males were 3.4–18.5 and 2.7–13.1 ng/mL, respectively. Among 1140 hyperprolactinemic patients, macroprolactinemia was identified in 261 (22.9 %) patients while the other 879 (77.1 %) patients were diagnosed with true hyperprolactinemia. Menstrual disturbances were the most common clinical feature in both groups. Galactorrhea, amenorrhea, and visual disturbances occurred more frequently in true hyperprolactinemic patients (P < 0.05). Conclusions The prevalence of macroprolactin in Chinese patients with hyperprolactinemia was described for the first time. Monomeric prolactin concentration, along with a reference interval screening with PEG precipitation, provides a diagnostic approach for hyperprolactinemia with improved accuracy.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12902-021-00861-zhyperprolactinemiamacroprolactinemiareference interval |
| spellingShingle | Yao Hu Jiajin Ni Buyue Zhang Wei Cheng Huating Zhang Hongying Ye Lijin Ji Bin Lu Ming Guan Establishment of reference intervals of monomeric prolactin to identify macroprolactinemia in Chinese patients with increased total prolactin BMC Endocrine Disorders hyperprolactinemia macroprolactinemia reference interval |
| title | Establishment of reference intervals of monomeric prolactin to identify macroprolactinemia in Chinese patients with increased total prolactin |
| title_full | Establishment of reference intervals of monomeric prolactin to identify macroprolactinemia in Chinese patients with increased total prolactin |
| title_fullStr | Establishment of reference intervals of monomeric prolactin to identify macroprolactinemia in Chinese patients with increased total prolactin |
| title_full_unstemmed | Establishment of reference intervals of monomeric prolactin to identify macroprolactinemia in Chinese patients with increased total prolactin |
| title_short | Establishment of reference intervals of monomeric prolactin to identify macroprolactinemia in Chinese patients with increased total prolactin |
| title_sort | establishment of reference intervals of monomeric prolactin to identify macroprolactinemia in chinese patients with increased total prolactin |
| topic | hyperprolactinemia macroprolactinemia reference interval |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12902-021-00861-z |
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