Transcriptomic Analyses Reveal the Role of Cytokinin and the Nodal Stem in Microtuber Sprouting in Potato (<i>Solanum tuberosum</i> L.)
In potatoes, tuber secondary growth, especially sprouting, deforms the tubers and severely lowers their commercial value. Tuber sprouting is induced by signal substances, such as gibberellin (GA), which are transported to the tuber from the plant body. The molecular mechanism underlying GA-induced s...
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MDPI AG
2023-12-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/24/17534 |
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| author | Xia Zhang Kaien Fujino Hanako Shimura |
| author_facet | Xia Zhang Kaien Fujino Hanako Shimura |
| author_sort | Xia Zhang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In potatoes, tuber secondary growth, especially sprouting, deforms the tubers and severely lowers their commercial value. Tuber sprouting is induced by signal substances, such as gibberellin (GA), which are transported to the tuber from the plant body. The molecular mechanism underlying GA-induced sprouting remains ambiguous. Here, we tried to recreate tuber secondary growth using in vitro stemmed microtubers (MTs) (with the nodal stem attached) and MT halves (with the nodal stem entirely removed). Our experiments showed that GA alone could initiate the sprouting of stemmed microtubers; however, GA failed to initiate MT halves unless 6-benzyladenine, a synthetic cytokinin CK, was co-applied. Here, we analyzed the transcriptional profiles of sprouting buds using these in vitro MTs. RNA-seq analysis revealed a downregulation of cytokinin-activated signaling but an upregulation of the “Zeatin biosynthesis” pathway, as shown by increased expression of <i>CYP735A</i>, <i>CISZOG</i>, and <i>UGT85A1</i> in sprouting buds; additionally, the upregulation of genes, such as <i>IAA15</i>, <i>IAA22</i>, and <i>SAUR50</i>, associated with auxin-activated signaling and one abscisic acid (ABA) negative regulator, <i>PLY4</i>, plays a vital role during sprouting growth. Our findings indicate that the role of the nodal stem is synonymous with CK in sprouting growth, suggesting that CK signaling and homeostasis are critical to supporting GA-induced sprouting. To effectively control tuber sprouting, more effort is required to be devoted to these critical genes. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T20:40:41Z |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1661-6596 1422-0067 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T20:40:41Z |
| publishDate | 2023-12-01 |
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| series | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-442c592557f74e73a02fdf50ac2c1bb22023-12-22T14:15:00ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672023-12-0124241753410.3390/ijms242417534Transcriptomic Analyses Reveal the Role of Cytokinin and the Nodal Stem in Microtuber Sprouting in Potato (<i>Solanum tuberosum</i> L.)Xia Zhang0Kaien Fujino1Hanako Shimura2Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Kita-9 Nishi-9, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8589, JapanGraduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Kita-9 Nishi-9, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8589, JapanGraduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Kita-9 Nishi-9, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8589, JapanIn potatoes, tuber secondary growth, especially sprouting, deforms the tubers and severely lowers their commercial value. Tuber sprouting is induced by signal substances, such as gibberellin (GA), which are transported to the tuber from the plant body. The molecular mechanism underlying GA-induced sprouting remains ambiguous. Here, we tried to recreate tuber secondary growth using in vitro stemmed microtubers (MTs) (with the nodal stem attached) and MT halves (with the nodal stem entirely removed). Our experiments showed that GA alone could initiate the sprouting of stemmed microtubers; however, GA failed to initiate MT halves unless 6-benzyladenine, a synthetic cytokinin CK, was co-applied. Here, we analyzed the transcriptional profiles of sprouting buds using these in vitro MTs. RNA-seq analysis revealed a downregulation of cytokinin-activated signaling but an upregulation of the “Zeatin biosynthesis” pathway, as shown by increased expression of <i>CYP735A</i>, <i>CISZOG</i>, and <i>UGT85A1</i> in sprouting buds; additionally, the upregulation of genes, such as <i>IAA15</i>, <i>IAA22</i>, and <i>SAUR50</i>, associated with auxin-activated signaling and one abscisic acid (ABA) negative regulator, <i>PLY4</i>, plays a vital role during sprouting growth. Our findings indicate that the role of the nodal stem is synonymous with CK in sprouting growth, suggesting that CK signaling and homeostasis are critical to supporting GA-induced sprouting. To effectively control tuber sprouting, more effort is required to be devoted to these critical genes.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/24/17534RNA-seq analysispotatosproutingnodal stemgibberellincytokinin |
| spellingShingle | Xia Zhang Kaien Fujino Hanako Shimura Transcriptomic Analyses Reveal the Role of Cytokinin and the Nodal Stem in Microtuber Sprouting in Potato (<i>Solanum tuberosum</i> L.) International Journal of Molecular Sciences RNA-seq analysis potato sprouting nodal stem gibberellin cytokinin |
| title | Transcriptomic Analyses Reveal the Role of Cytokinin and the Nodal Stem in Microtuber Sprouting in Potato (<i>Solanum tuberosum</i> L.) |
| title_full | Transcriptomic Analyses Reveal the Role of Cytokinin and the Nodal Stem in Microtuber Sprouting in Potato (<i>Solanum tuberosum</i> L.) |
| title_fullStr | Transcriptomic Analyses Reveal the Role of Cytokinin and the Nodal Stem in Microtuber Sprouting in Potato (<i>Solanum tuberosum</i> L.) |
| title_full_unstemmed | Transcriptomic Analyses Reveal the Role of Cytokinin and the Nodal Stem in Microtuber Sprouting in Potato (<i>Solanum tuberosum</i> L.) |
| title_short | Transcriptomic Analyses Reveal the Role of Cytokinin and the Nodal Stem in Microtuber Sprouting in Potato (<i>Solanum tuberosum</i> L.) |
| title_sort | transcriptomic analyses reveal the role of cytokinin and the nodal stem in microtuber sprouting in potato i solanum tuberosum i l |
| topic | RNA-seq analysis potato sprouting nodal stem gibberellin cytokinin |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/24/17534 |
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