Breaking Barriers: The Promise and Challenges of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a highly aggressive malignancy with pronounced immunogenicity, exhibiting rapid proliferation and immune cell infiltration into the tumor microenvironment. TNBC’s heterogeneity poses challenges to immunological treatments, inducing resistance mechanisms in the...
| Main Authors: | , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2024-02-01
|
| Series: | Biomedicines |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/12/2/369 |
| _version_ | 1797298815103926272 |
|---|---|
| author | Sawsan Sudqi Said Wisam Nabeel Ibrahim |
| author_facet | Sawsan Sudqi Said Wisam Nabeel Ibrahim |
| author_sort | Sawsan Sudqi Said |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a highly aggressive malignancy with pronounced immunogenicity, exhibiting rapid proliferation and immune cell infiltration into the tumor microenvironment. TNBC’s heterogeneity poses challenges to immunological treatments, inducing resistance mechanisms in the tumor microenvironment. Therapeutic modalities, including immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) targeting PD-1, PD-L1, and CTLA-4, are explored in preclinical and clinical trials. Promising results emerge from combining ICIs with anti-TGF-β and VISTA, hindering TNBC tumor growth. TNBC cells employ complex evasion strategies involving interactions with stromal and immune cells, suppressing immune recognition through various cytokines, chemokines, and metabolites. The recent focus on unraveling humoral and cellular components aims to disrupt cancer crosstalk within the tumor microenvironment. This review identifies TNBC’s latest resistance mechanisms, exploring potential targets for clinical trials to overcome immune checkpoint resistance and enhance patient survival rates. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-07T22:40:32Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-442e8cfe70e14d54985fa71fe9cab48f |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2227-9059 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-07T22:40:32Z |
| publishDate | 2024-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Biomedicines |
| spelling | doaj.art-442e8cfe70e14d54985fa71fe9cab48f2024-02-23T15:08:38ZengMDPI AGBiomedicines2227-90592024-02-0112236910.3390/biomedicines12020369Breaking Barriers: The Promise and Challenges of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Triple-Negative Breast CancerSawsan Sudqi Said0Wisam Nabeel Ibrahim1Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, QatarDepartment of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, QatarTriple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a highly aggressive malignancy with pronounced immunogenicity, exhibiting rapid proliferation and immune cell infiltration into the tumor microenvironment. TNBC’s heterogeneity poses challenges to immunological treatments, inducing resistance mechanisms in the tumor microenvironment. Therapeutic modalities, including immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) targeting PD-1, PD-L1, and CTLA-4, are explored in preclinical and clinical trials. Promising results emerge from combining ICIs with anti-TGF-β and VISTA, hindering TNBC tumor growth. TNBC cells employ complex evasion strategies involving interactions with stromal and immune cells, suppressing immune recognition through various cytokines, chemokines, and metabolites. The recent focus on unraveling humoral and cellular components aims to disrupt cancer crosstalk within the tumor microenvironment. This review identifies TNBC’s latest resistance mechanisms, exploring potential targets for clinical trials to overcome immune checkpoint resistance and enhance patient survival rates.https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/12/2/369resistancetriple-negative breast cancerPD-1/PD-L1/CTLA-4TME |
| spellingShingle | Sawsan Sudqi Said Wisam Nabeel Ibrahim Breaking Barriers: The Promise and Challenges of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Biomedicines resistance triple-negative breast cancer PD-1/PD-L1/CTLA-4 TME |
| title | Breaking Barriers: The Promise and Challenges of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer |
| title_full | Breaking Barriers: The Promise and Challenges of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer |
| title_fullStr | Breaking Barriers: The Promise and Challenges of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer |
| title_full_unstemmed | Breaking Barriers: The Promise and Challenges of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer |
| title_short | Breaking Barriers: The Promise and Challenges of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer |
| title_sort | breaking barriers the promise and challenges of immune checkpoint inhibitors in triple negative breast cancer |
| topic | resistance triple-negative breast cancer PD-1/PD-L1/CTLA-4 TME |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/12/2/369 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT sawsansudqisaid breakingbarriersthepromiseandchallengesofimmunecheckpointinhibitorsintriplenegativebreastcancer AT wisamnabeelibrahim breakingbarriersthepromiseandchallengesofimmunecheckpointinhibitorsintriplenegativebreastcancer |