The Contribution of Race to Breast Tumor Microenvironment Composition and Disease Progression
Breast cancer is the second most commonly diagnosed cancer in American women following skin cancer. Despite overall decrease in breast cancer mortality due to advances in treatment and earlier screening, black patients continue to have 40% higher risk of breast cancer related death compared to white...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2020-06-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Oncology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fonc.2020.01022/full |
| _version_ | 1811310348266897408 |
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| author | Gina Kim Gina Kim Gina Kim Jessica M. Pastoriza John S. Condeelis John S. Condeelis John S. Condeelis John S. Condeelis Joseph A. Sparano Joseph A. Sparano Panagiota S. Filippou Panagiota S. Filippou George S. Karagiannis George S. Karagiannis George S. Karagiannis Maja H. Oktay Maja H. Oktay Maja H. Oktay Maja H. Oktay |
| author_facet | Gina Kim Gina Kim Gina Kim Jessica M. Pastoriza John S. Condeelis John S. Condeelis John S. Condeelis John S. Condeelis Joseph A. Sparano Joseph A. Sparano Panagiota S. Filippou Panagiota S. Filippou George S. Karagiannis George S. Karagiannis George S. Karagiannis Maja H. Oktay Maja H. Oktay Maja H. Oktay Maja H. Oktay |
| author_sort | Gina Kim |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Breast cancer is the second most commonly diagnosed cancer in American women following skin cancer. Despite overall decrease in breast cancer mortality due to advances in treatment and earlier screening, black patients continue to have 40% higher risk of breast cancer related death compared to white patients. This disparity in outcome persists even when controlled for access to care and stage at presentation and has been attributed to differences in tumor subtypes or gene expression profiles. There is emerging evidence that the tumor microenvironment (TME) may contribute to the racial disparities in outcome as well. Here, we provide a comprehensive review of current literature available regarding race-dependent differences in the TME. Notably, black patients tend to have a higher density of pro-tumorigenic immune cells (e.g., M2 macrophages, regulatory T cells) and microvasculature. Although immune cells are classically thought to be anti-tumorigenic, increase in M2 macrophages and angiogenesis may lead to a paradoxical increase in metastasis by forming doorways of tumor cell intravasation called tumor microenvironment of metastasis (TMEM). Furthermore, black patients also have higher serum levels of inflammatory cytokines, which provide a positive feedback loop in creating a pro-metastatic TME. Lastly, we propose that the higher density of immune cells and angiogenesis observed in the TME of black patients may be a result of evolutionary selection for a more robust immune response in patients of African geographic ancestry. Better understanding of race-dependent differences in the TME will aid in overcoming the racial disparity in breast cancer mortality. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-13T09:57:25Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-44302ebd83ff43bd845b5bd767101143 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2234-943X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-13T09:57:25Z |
| publishDate | 2020-06-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Oncology |
| spelling | doaj.art-44302ebd83ff43bd845b5bd7671011432022-12-22T02:51:19ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Oncology2234-943X2020-06-011010.3389/fonc.2020.01022542186The Contribution of Race to Breast Tumor Microenvironment Composition and Disease ProgressionGina Kim0Gina Kim1Gina Kim2Jessica M. Pastoriza3John S. Condeelis4John S. Condeelis5John S. Condeelis6John S. Condeelis7Joseph A. Sparano8Joseph A. Sparano9Panagiota S. Filippou10Panagiota S. Filippou11George S. Karagiannis12George S. Karagiannis13George S. Karagiannis14Maja H. Oktay15Maja H. Oktay16Maja H. Oktay17Maja H. Oktay18Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology, Montefiore Medical Center, Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United StatesIntegrated Imaging Program, Montefiore Medical Center, Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United StatesDepartment of Surgery, Montefiore Medical Center, Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United StatesDepartment of Surgery, Montefiore Medical Center, Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United StatesDepartment of Anatomy and Structural Biology, Montefiore Medical Center, Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United StatesIntegrated Imaging Program, Montefiore Medical Center, Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United StatesDepartment of Surgery, Montefiore Medical Center, Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United StatesGruss-Lipper Biophotonics Center, Montefiore Medical Center, Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United StatesIntegrated Imaging Program, Montefiore Medical Center, Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United StatesDepartment of Medicine (Oncology), Montefiore Medical Center, Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United StatesSchool of Health & Life Sciences, Teesside University, Middlesbrough, United KingdomNational Horizons Centre, Teesside University, Darlington, United KingdomDepartment of Anatomy and Structural Biology, Montefiore Medical Center, Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United StatesIntegrated Imaging Program, Montefiore Medical Center, Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United StatesGruss-Lipper Biophotonics Center, Montefiore Medical Center, Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United StatesDepartment of Anatomy and Structural Biology, Montefiore Medical Center, Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United StatesIntegrated Imaging Program, Montefiore Medical Center, Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United StatesGruss-Lipper Biophotonics Center, Montefiore Medical Center, Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United StatesDepartment of Pathology, Montefiore Medical Center, Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United StatesBreast cancer is the second most commonly diagnosed cancer in American women following skin cancer. Despite overall decrease in breast cancer mortality due to advances in treatment and earlier screening, black patients continue to have 40% higher risk of breast cancer related death compared to white patients. This disparity in outcome persists even when controlled for access to care and stage at presentation and has been attributed to differences in tumor subtypes or gene expression profiles. There is emerging evidence that the tumor microenvironment (TME) may contribute to the racial disparities in outcome as well. Here, we provide a comprehensive review of current literature available regarding race-dependent differences in the TME. Notably, black patients tend to have a higher density of pro-tumorigenic immune cells (e.g., M2 macrophages, regulatory T cells) and microvasculature. Although immune cells are classically thought to be anti-tumorigenic, increase in M2 macrophages and angiogenesis may lead to a paradoxical increase in metastasis by forming doorways of tumor cell intravasation called tumor microenvironment of metastasis (TMEM). Furthermore, black patients also have higher serum levels of inflammatory cytokines, which provide a positive feedback loop in creating a pro-metastatic TME. Lastly, we propose that the higher density of immune cells and angiogenesis observed in the TME of black patients may be a result of evolutionary selection for a more robust immune response in patients of African geographic ancestry. Better understanding of race-dependent differences in the TME will aid in overcoming the racial disparity in breast cancer mortality.https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fonc.2020.01022/fullbreast cancertumor microenvironmentbreast cancer racial disparitybreast cancer outcometumor microenvironment of metastasis (TMEM) |
| spellingShingle | Gina Kim Gina Kim Gina Kim Jessica M. Pastoriza John S. Condeelis John S. Condeelis John S. Condeelis John S. Condeelis Joseph A. Sparano Joseph A. Sparano Panagiota S. Filippou Panagiota S. Filippou George S. Karagiannis George S. Karagiannis George S. Karagiannis Maja H. Oktay Maja H. Oktay Maja H. Oktay Maja H. Oktay The Contribution of Race to Breast Tumor Microenvironment Composition and Disease Progression Frontiers in Oncology breast cancer tumor microenvironment breast cancer racial disparity breast cancer outcome tumor microenvironment of metastasis (TMEM) |
| title | The Contribution of Race to Breast Tumor Microenvironment Composition and Disease Progression |
| title_full | The Contribution of Race to Breast Tumor Microenvironment Composition and Disease Progression |
| title_fullStr | The Contribution of Race to Breast Tumor Microenvironment Composition and Disease Progression |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Contribution of Race to Breast Tumor Microenvironment Composition and Disease Progression |
| title_short | The Contribution of Race to Breast Tumor Microenvironment Composition and Disease Progression |
| title_sort | contribution of race to breast tumor microenvironment composition and disease progression |
| topic | breast cancer tumor microenvironment breast cancer racial disparity breast cancer outcome tumor microenvironment of metastasis (TMEM) |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fonc.2020.01022/full |
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