Chromium Toxicity in Plants: Signaling, Mitigation, and Future Perspectives
Plants are very often confronted by different heavy metal (HM) stressors that adversely impair their growth and productivity. Among HMs, chromium (Cr) is one of the most prevalent toxic trace metals found in agricultural soils because of anthropogenic activities, lack of efficient treatment, and unr...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-03-01
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| Series: | Plants |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/12/7/1502 |
| _version_ | 1797607180392726528 |
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| author | Sajad Ali Rakeeb A. Mir Anshika Tyagi Nazia Manzar Abhijeet Shankar Kashyap Muntazir Mushtaq Aamir Raina Suvin Park Sandhya Sharma Zahoor A. Mir Showkat A. Lone Ajaz A. Bhat Uqab Baba Henda Mahmoudi Hanhong Bae |
| author_facet | Sajad Ali Rakeeb A. Mir Anshika Tyagi Nazia Manzar Abhijeet Shankar Kashyap Muntazir Mushtaq Aamir Raina Suvin Park Sandhya Sharma Zahoor A. Mir Showkat A. Lone Ajaz A. Bhat Uqab Baba Henda Mahmoudi Hanhong Bae |
| author_sort | Sajad Ali |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Plants are very often confronted by different heavy metal (HM) stressors that adversely impair their growth and productivity. Among HMs, chromium (Cr) is one of the most prevalent toxic trace metals found in agricultural soils because of anthropogenic activities, lack of efficient treatment, and unregulated disposal. It has a huge detrimental impact on the physiological, biochemical, and molecular traits of crops, in addition to being carcinogenic to humans. In soil, Cr exists in different forms, including Cr (III) “trivalent” and Cr (VI) “hexavalent”, but the most pervasive and severely hazardous form to the biota is Cr (VI). Despite extensive research on the effects of Cr stress, the exact molecular mechanisms of Cr sensing, uptake, translocation, phytotoxicity, transcript processing, translation, post-translational protein modifications, as well as plant defensive responses are still largely unknown. Even though plants lack a Cr transporter system, it is efficiently accumulated and transported by other essential ion transporters, hence posing a serious challenge to the development of Cr-tolerant cultivars. In this review, we discuss Cr toxicity in plants, signaling perception, and transduction. Further, we highlight various mitigation processes for Cr toxicity in plants, such as microbial, chemical, and nano-based priming. We also discuss the biotechnological advancements in mitigating Cr toxicity in plants using plant and microbiome engineering approaches. Additionally, we also highlight the role of molecular breeding in mitigating Cr toxicity in sustainable agriculture. Finally, some conclusions are drawn along with potential directions for future research in order to better comprehend Cr signaling pathways and its mitigation in sustainable agriculture. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T05:27:35Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-44303756ef0449a798dcfaae5fb8d3ef |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2223-7747 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T05:27:35Z |
| publishDate | 2023-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Plants |
| spelling | doaj.art-44303756ef0449a798dcfaae5fb8d3ef2023-11-17T17:23:28ZengMDPI AGPlants2223-77472023-03-01127150210.3390/plants12071502Chromium Toxicity in Plants: Signaling, Mitigation, and Future PerspectivesSajad Ali0Rakeeb A. Mir1Anshika Tyagi2Nazia Manzar3Abhijeet Shankar Kashyap4Muntazir Mushtaq5Aamir Raina6Suvin Park7Sandhya Sharma8Zahoor A. Mir9Showkat A. Lone10Ajaz A. Bhat11Uqab Baba12Henda Mahmoudi13Hanhong Bae14Department of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Biotechnology, Central University of Kashmir, Ganderbal 191201, IndiaDepartment of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of KoreaPlant Pathology Lab, ICAR-National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Microorganisms, Maunath Bhanjan 275103, IndiaPlant Pathology Lab, ICAR-National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Microorganisms, Maunath Bhanjan 275103, IndiaMS Swaminathan School of Agriculture, Shoolini University, Bajhol 173229, IndiaMutation Breeding Laboratory, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, IndiaDepartment of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of KoreaICAR-National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, New Delhi 110012, IndiaICAR-National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, New Delhi 110012, IndiaCentre of Research for Development, University of Kashmir, Srinagar 190006, IndiaGovt. Degree College for Women, University of Kashmir, Baramulla 193101, IndiaCentre of Research for Development, University of Kashmir, Srinagar 190006, IndiaDirectorate of Programs, International Center for Biosaline Agriculture, Dubai P.O. Box 14660, United Arab EmiratesDepartment of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of KoreaPlants are very often confronted by different heavy metal (HM) stressors that adversely impair their growth and productivity. Among HMs, chromium (Cr) is one of the most prevalent toxic trace metals found in agricultural soils because of anthropogenic activities, lack of efficient treatment, and unregulated disposal. It has a huge detrimental impact on the physiological, biochemical, and molecular traits of crops, in addition to being carcinogenic to humans. In soil, Cr exists in different forms, including Cr (III) “trivalent” and Cr (VI) “hexavalent”, but the most pervasive and severely hazardous form to the biota is Cr (VI). Despite extensive research on the effects of Cr stress, the exact molecular mechanisms of Cr sensing, uptake, translocation, phytotoxicity, transcript processing, translation, post-translational protein modifications, as well as plant defensive responses are still largely unknown. Even though plants lack a Cr transporter system, it is efficiently accumulated and transported by other essential ion transporters, hence posing a serious challenge to the development of Cr-tolerant cultivars. In this review, we discuss Cr toxicity in plants, signaling perception, and transduction. Further, we highlight various mitigation processes for Cr toxicity in plants, such as microbial, chemical, and nano-based priming. We also discuss the biotechnological advancements in mitigating Cr toxicity in plants using plant and microbiome engineering approaches. Additionally, we also highlight the role of molecular breeding in mitigating Cr toxicity in sustainable agriculture. Finally, some conclusions are drawn along with potential directions for future research in order to better comprehend Cr signaling pathways and its mitigation in sustainable agriculture.https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/12/7/1502chromium toxicityhormonesmultiomicsprimingsignalinggenome editing |
| spellingShingle | Sajad Ali Rakeeb A. Mir Anshika Tyagi Nazia Manzar Abhijeet Shankar Kashyap Muntazir Mushtaq Aamir Raina Suvin Park Sandhya Sharma Zahoor A. Mir Showkat A. Lone Ajaz A. Bhat Uqab Baba Henda Mahmoudi Hanhong Bae Chromium Toxicity in Plants: Signaling, Mitigation, and Future Perspectives Plants chromium toxicity hormones multiomics priming signaling genome editing |
| title | Chromium Toxicity in Plants: Signaling, Mitigation, and Future Perspectives |
| title_full | Chromium Toxicity in Plants: Signaling, Mitigation, and Future Perspectives |
| title_fullStr | Chromium Toxicity in Plants: Signaling, Mitigation, and Future Perspectives |
| title_full_unstemmed | Chromium Toxicity in Plants: Signaling, Mitigation, and Future Perspectives |
| title_short | Chromium Toxicity in Plants: Signaling, Mitigation, and Future Perspectives |
| title_sort | chromium toxicity in plants signaling mitigation and future perspectives |
| topic | chromium toxicity hormones multiomics priming signaling genome editing |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/12/7/1502 |
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