Molecular Pathways of Cellular Senescence and Placental Aging in Late Fetal Growth Restriction and Stillbirth
Abnormally accelerated, premature placental senescence plays a crucial role in the genesis of pregnancy pathologies. Abnormal growth in the third trimester can present as small for gestational age fetuses or fetal growth restriction. One differs from the other by the presence of signs of placental i...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2021-04-01
|
| Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/8/4186 |
| _version_ | 1797537245047029760 |
|---|---|
| author | Anna Kajdy Jan Modzelewski Aneta Cymbaluk-Płoska Ewa Kwiatkowska Magdalena Bednarek-Jędrzejek Dariusz Borowski Katarzyna Stefańska Michał Rabijewski Andrzej Torbé Sebastian Kwiatkowski |
| author_facet | Anna Kajdy Jan Modzelewski Aneta Cymbaluk-Płoska Ewa Kwiatkowska Magdalena Bednarek-Jędrzejek Dariusz Borowski Katarzyna Stefańska Michał Rabijewski Andrzej Torbé Sebastian Kwiatkowski |
| author_sort | Anna Kajdy |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abnormally accelerated, premature placental senescence plays a crucial role in the genesis of pregnancy pathologies. Abnormal growth in the third trimester can present as small for gestational age fetuses or fetal growth restriction. One differs from the other by the presence of signs of placental insufficiency and the risk of stillbirth. The majority of stillbirths occur in normally grown fetuses and are classified as “unexplained”, which often leads to conclusions that they were unpreventable. The main characteristic of aging is a gradual decline in the function of cells, tissues, and organs. These changes result in the accumulation of senescent cells in mitotic tissues. These cells begin the aging process that disrupts tissues’ normal functions by affecting neighboring cells, degrading the extracellular matrix, and reducing tissues’ regeneration capacity. Different degrees of abnormal placentation result in the severity of fetal growth restriction and its sequelae, including fetal death. This review aims to present the current knowledge and identify future research directions to understand better placental aging in late fetal growth restriction and unexplained stillbirth. We hypothesized that the final diagnosis of placental insufficiency can be made only using markers of placental senescence. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T12:13:17Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-44323a75403148e48f7ccb5634b88c09 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1661-6596 1422-0067 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T12:13:17Z |
| publishDate | 2021-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-44323a75403148e48f7ccb5634b88c092023-11-21T16:03:36ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672021-04-01228418610.3390/ijms22084186Molecular Pathways of Cellular Senescence and Placental Aging in Late Fetal Growth Restriction and StillbirthAnna Kajdy0Jan Modzelewski1Aneta Cymbaluk-Płoska2Ewa Kwiatkowska3Magdalena Bednarek-Jędrzejek4Dariusz Borowski5Katarzyna Stefańska6Michał Rabijewski7Andrzej Torbé8Sebastian Kwiatkowski9Department of Reproductive Health, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Żelazna 90 St., 01-004 Warsaw, PolandDepartment of Reproductive Health, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Żelazna 90 St., 01-004 Warsaw, PolandDepartment of Gynecological Surgery and Gynecological Oncology of Adults and Adolescents, Pomeranian Medical University, Al. Powstańców Wlkp. 72, 70-111 Szczecin, PolandDepartment of Nephrology, Transplantology and Internal Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University, Al. Powstańców Wlkp. 72, 70-111 Szczecin, PolandDepartment Obstetrics and Gynecology, Pomeranian Medical University, Al. Powstańców Wlkp. 72, 70-111 Szczecin, PolandClinic of Fetal-Maternal, Gynecology and Neonatology, Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Bydgoszcz, Łukasiewicza 1 St., 85-821 Bydgoszcz, PolandDepartment of Obstetrics, Medical University of Gdańsk, Mariana Smoluchowskiego 17 St., 80-214 Gdańsk, PolandDepartment of Reproductive Health, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Żelazna 90 St., 01-004 Warsaw, PolandDepartment Obstetrics and Gynecology, Pomeranian Medical University, Al. Powstańców Wlkp. 72, 70-111 Szczecin, PolandDepartment Obstetrics and Gynecology, Pomeranian Medical University, Al. Powstańców Wlkp. 72, 70-111 Szczecin, PolandAbnormally accelerated, premature placental senescence plays a crucial role in the genesis of pregnancy pathologies. Abnormal growth in the third trimester can present as small for gestational age fetuses or fetal growth restriction. One differs from the other by the presence of signs of placental insufficiency and the risk of stillbirth. The majority of stillbirths occur in normally grown fetuses and are classified as “unexplained”, which often leads to conclusions that they were unpreventable. The main characteristic of aging is a gradual decline in the function of cells, tissues, and organs. These changes result in the accumulation of senescent cells in mitotic tissues. These cells begin the aging process that disrupts tissues’ normal functions by affecting neighboring cells, degrading the extracellular matrix, and reducing tissues’ regeneration capacity. Different degrees of abnormal placentation result in the severity of fetal growth restriction and its sequelae, including fetal death. This review aims to present the current knowledge and identify future research directions to understand better placental aging in late fetal growth restriction and unexplained stillbirth. We hypothesized that the final diagnosis of placental insufficiency can be made only using markers of placental senescence.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/8/4186placental agingcellular senescenceFGRSGAstillbirthtelomere homeostasis |
| spellingShingle | Anna Kajdy Jan Modzelewski Aneta Cymbaluk-Płoska Ewa Kwiatkowska Magdalena Bednarek-Jędrzejek Dariusz Borowski Katarzyna Stefańska Michał Rabijewski Andrzej Torbé Sebastian Kwiatkowski Molecular Pathways of Cellular Senescence and Placental Aging in Late Fetal Growth Restriction and Stillbirth International Journal of Molecular Sciences placental aging cellular senescence FGR SGA stillbirth telomere homeostasis |
| title | Molecular Pathways of Cellular Senescence and Placental Aging in Late Fetal Growth Restriction and Stillbirth |
| title_full | Molecular Pathways of Cellular Senescence and Placental Aging in Late Fetal Growth Restriction and Stillbirth |
| title_fullStr | Molecular Pathways of Cellular Senescence and Placental Aging in Late Fetal Growth Restriction and Stillbirth |
| title_full_unstemmed | Molecular Pathways of Cellular Senescence and Placental Aging in Late Fetal Growth Restriction and Stillbirth |
| title_short | Molecular Pathways of Cellular Senescence and Placental Aging in Late Fetal Growth Restriction and Stillbirth |
| title_sort | molecular pathways of cellular senescence and placental aging in late fetal growth restriction and stillbirth |
| topic | placental aging cellular senescence FGR SGA stillbirth telomere homeostasis |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/8/4186 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT annakajdy molecularpathwaysofcellularsenescenceandplacentalaginginlatefetalgrowthrestrictionandstillbirth AT janmodzelewski molecularpathwaysofcellularsenescenceandplacentalaginginlatefetalgrowthrestrictionandstillbirth AT anetacymbalukpłoska molecularpathwaysofcellularsenescenceandplacentalaginginlatefetalgrowthrestrictionandstillbirth AT ewakwiatkowska molecularpathwaysofcellularsenescenceandplacentalaginginlatefetalgrowthrestrictionandstillbirth AT magdalenabednarekjedrzejek molecularpathwaysofcellularsenescenceandplacentalaginginlatefetalgrowthrestrictionandstillbirth AT dariuszborowski molecularpathwaysofcellularsenescenceandplacentalaginginlatefetalgrowthrestrictionandstillbirth AT katarzynastefanska molecularpathwaysofcellularsenescenceandplacentalaginginlatefetalgrowthrestrictionandstillbirth AT michałrabijewski molecularpathwaysofcellularsenescenceandplacentalaginginlatefetalgrowthrestrictionandstillbirth AT andrzejtorbe molecularpathwaysofcellularsenescenceandplacentalaginginlatefetalgrowthrestrictionandstillbirth AT sebastiankwiatkowski molecularpathwaysofcellularsenescenceandplacentalaginginlatefetalgrowthrestrictionandstillbirth |