The Effects of Ultrasound on Crystals: Sonocrystallization and Sonofragmentation

When ultrasound is applied to a solution for crystallization, it can affect the properties of the crystalline products significantly. Ultrasonic irradiation decreases the induction time and metastable zone and increases the nucleation rate. Due to these effects, it generally yields smaller crystals...

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Main Authors: Hyo Na Kim, Kenneth S. Suslick
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2018-07-01
Series:Crystals
Subjects:
Online Access:http://www.mdpi.com/2073-4352/8/7/280
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author Hyo Na Kim
Kenneth S. Suslick
author_facet Hyo Na Kim
Kenneth S. Suslick
author_sort Hyo Na Kim
collection DOAJ
description When ultrasound is applied to a solution for crystallization, it can affect the properties of the crystalline products significantly. Ultrasonic irradiation decreases the induction time and metastable zone and increases the nucleation rate. Due to these effects, it generally yields smaller crystals with a narrower size distribution when compared with conventional crystallizations. Also, ultrasonic irradiation can cause fragmentation of existing crystals which is caused by crystal collisions or sonofragmentation. The effect of various experimental parameters and empirical products of sonocrystallization have been reported, but the mechanisms of sonocrystallization and sonofragmentation have not been confirmed clearly. In this review, we build upon previous studies and highlight the effects of ultrasound on the crystallization of organic molecules. In addition, recent work on sonofragmentation of molecular and ionic crystals is discussed.
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spelling doaj.art-443f349ec3da4b728b49d4664bf94a562022-12-22T02:19:33ZengMDPI AGCrystals2073-43522018-07-018728010.3390/cryst8070280cryst8070280The Effects of Ultrasound on Crystals: Sonocrystallization and SonofragmentationHyo Na Kim0Kenneth S. Suslick1Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 S. Mathews Av., Urbana, IL 61801, USADepartment of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 S. Mathews Av., Urbana, IL 61801, USAWhen ultrasound is applied to a solution for crystallization, it can affect the properties of the crystalline products significantly. Ultrasonic irradiation decreases the induction time and metastable zone and increases the nucleation rate. Due to these effects, it generally yields smaller crystals with a narrower size distribution when compared with conventional crystallizations. Also, ultrasonic irradiation can cause fragmentation of existing crystals which is caused by crystal collisions or sonofragmentation. The effect of various experimental parameters and empirical products of sonocrystallization have been reported, but the mechanisms of sonocrystallization and sonofragmentation have not been confirmed clearly. In this review, we build upon previous studies and highlight the effects of ultrasound on the crystallization of organic molecules. In addition, recent work on sonofragmentation of molecular and ionic crystals is discussed.http://www.mdpi.com/2073-4352/8/7/280ultrasoundsonocrystallizationsonofragmentationsonochemistryacoustic cavitationcrystal nucleation
spellingShingle Hyo Na Kim
Kenneth S. Suslick
The Effects of Ultrasound on Crystals: Sonocrystallization and Sonofragmentation
Crystals
ultrasound
sonocrystallization
sonofragmentation
sonochemistry
acoustic cavitation
crystal nucleation
title The Effects of Ultrasound on Crystals: Sonocrystallization and Sonofragmentation
title_full The Effects of Ultrasound on Crystals: Sonocrystallization and Sonofragmentation
title_fullStr The Effects of Ultrasound on Crystals: Sonocrystallization and Sonofragmentation
title_full_unstemmed The Effects of Ultrasound on Crystals: Sonocrystallization and Sonofragmentation
title_short The Effects of Ultrasound on Crystals: Sonocrystallization and Sonofragmentation
title_sort effects of ultrasound on crystals sonocrystallization and sonofragmentation
topic ultrasound
sonocrystallization
sonofragmentation
sonochemistry
acoustic cavitation
crystal nucleation
url http://www.mdpi.com/2073-4352/8/7/280
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