Mechanisms of Neuroinvasion and Neuropathogenesis by Pathologic Flaviviruses
Flaviviruses are present on every continent and cause significant morbidity and mortality. In many instances, severe cases of infection with flaviviruses involve the invasion of and damage to the central nervous system (CNS). Currently, there are several mechanisms by which it has been hypothesized...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-01-01
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| Series: | Viruses |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/15/2/261 |
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| author | Liset de Vries Alfred T. Harding |
| author_facet | Liset de Vries Alfred T. Harding |
| author_sort | Liset de Vries |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Flaviviruses are present on every continent and cause significant morbidity and mortality. In many instances, severe cases of infection with flaviviruses involve the invasion of and damage to the central nervous system (CNS). Currently, there are several mechanisms by which it has been hypothesized flaviviruses reach the brain, including the disruption of the blood–brain barrier (BBB) which acts as a first line of defense by blocking the entry of many pathogens into the brain, passing through the BBB without disruption, as well as travelling into the CNS through axonal transport from peripheral nerves. After flaviviruses have entered the CNS, they cause different neurological symptoms, leading to years of neurological sequelae or even death. Similar to neuroinvasion, there are several identified mechanisms of neuropathology, including direct cell lysis, blockage of the cell cycle, indication of apoptosis, as well as immune induced pathologies. In this review, we aim to summarize the current knowledge in the field of mechanisms of both neuroinvasion and neuropathogenesis during infection with a variety of flaviviruses and examine the potential contributions and timing of each discussed pathway. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T08:01:31Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-44475089d89d4e9aa0ce9e1f45493416 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1999-4915 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T08:01:31Z |
| publishDate | 2023-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Viruses |
| spelling | doaj.art-44475089d89d4e9aa0ce9e1f454934162023-11-16T23:46:37ZengMDPI AGViruses1999-49152023-01-0115226110.3390/v15020261Mechanisms of Neuroinvasion and Neuropathogenesis by Pathologic FlavivirusesLiset de Vries0Alfred T. Harding1School of Life Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584 CS Utrecht, The NetherlandsInstitute for Medical Engineering and Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USAFlaviviruses are present on every continent and cause significant morbidity and mortality. In many instances, severe cases of infection with flaviviruses involve the invasion of and damage to the central nervous system (CNS). Currently, there are several mechanisms by which it has been hypothesized flaviviruses reach the brain, including the disruption of the blood–brain barrier (BBB) which acts as a first line of defense by blocking the entry of many pathogens into the brain, passing through the BBB without disruption, as well as travelling into the CNS through axonal transport from peripheral nerves. After flaviviruses have entered the CNS, they cause different neurological symptoms, leading to years of neurological sequelae or even death. Similar to neuroinvasion, there are several identified mechanisms of neuropathology, including direct cell lysis, blockage of the cell cycle, indication of apoptosis, as well as immune induced pathologies. In this review, we aim to summarize the current knowledge in the field of mechanisms of both neuroinvasion and neuropathogenesis during infection with a variety of flaviviruses and examine the potential contributions and timing of each discussed pathway.https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/15/2/261flavivirusneuroinvasionneuropathogenesis |
| spellingShingle | Liset de Vries Alfred T. Harding Mechanisms of Neuroinvasion and Neuropathogenesis by Pathologic Flaviviruses Viruses flavivirus neuroinvasion neuropathogenesis |
| title | Mechanisms of Neuroinvasion and Neuropathogenesis by Pathologic Flaviviruses |
| title_full | Mechanisms of Neuroinvasion and Neuropathogenesis by Pathologic Flaviviruses |
| title_fullStr | Mechanisms of Neuroinvasion and Neuropathogenesis by Pathologic Flaviviruses |
| title_full_unstemmed | Mechanisms of Neuroinvasion and Neuropathogenesis by Pathologic Flaviviruses |
| title_short | Mechanisms of Neuroinvasion and Neuropathogenesis by Pathologic Flaviviruses |
| title_sort | mechanisms of neuroinvasion and neuropathogenesis by pathologic flaviviruses |
| topic | flavivirus neuroinvasion neuropathogenesis |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/15/2/261 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT lisetdevries mechanismsofneuroinvasionandneuropathogenesisbypathologicflaviviruses AT alfredtharding mechanismsofneuroinvasionandneuropathogenesisbypathologicflaviviruses |