PeVL1 Novel Elicitor Protein, from <i>Verticillium lecanii</i> 2, Enhances Systemic Resistance against Rice Leaf Roller (<i>Marasmia ruralis</i> Wlk.) in Rice (<i>Oryza sativa</i> L.)
The hazardous pest known as rice leaf roller (<i>Marasmia ruralis</i> Wlk.) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), which undermines rice (<i>Oryza sativa</i> L.) output globally, folds the leaves of the rice plant. Protein elicitors are thought to be biological elements that causes the ri...
| Main Authors: | , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2023-01-01
|
| Series: | Microorganisms |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/11/2/317 |
| _version_ | 1797619148941950976 |
|---|---|
| author | Khadija Javed Yong Wang Humayun Javed |
| author_facet | Khadija Javed Yong Wang Humayun Javed |
| author_sort | Khadija Javed |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The hazardous pest known as rice leaf roller (<i>Marasmia ruralis</i> Wlk.) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), which undermines rice (<i>Oryza sativa</i> L.) output globally, folds the leaves of the rice plant. Protein elicitors are thought to be biological elements that causes the rice to become resistant to herbivores. The potential for biocontrol of the emerging elicitor protein evaluated from <i>Verticillium lecanii</i> 2 (PeVL1) was evaluated against <i>M. ruralis</i>. To assess the impact of PeVL1 on immature development, survival, and lifetime, four different PeVL1 concentrations were allocated. Electrical penetration graphs (EPGs) against <i>M. ruralis</i> were used to evaluate adult reproductive efficiency and the interaction between the pest and the pathogen. Furthermore, the characterization of active substances in PeVL1 with multi-acting entomopathogenic effects looked into the direct interactions of PeVL1 with temperature and climatic change in rice (<i>O. sativa</i>) plants. PeVL1 treatments reduced the population increase of second and third generation <i>M. ruralis</i> compared to controls. In a test of host selection, <i>M. ruralis</i> colonized control plants more quickly than PeVL1-treated <i>O. sativa</i> plants. PeVL1 concentrations prolonged the <i>M. ruralis</i> larval stage. Similar to fecundity, PeVL1-treated seedlings produced fewer offspring than control seedlings. On PeVL1-treated leaves, trichomes and wax production created an unfavorable habitat for <i>M. ruralis</i>. PeVL1 changed the surface structure of the leaves, which inhibited colonization and decreased <i>M. ruralis</i> reproduction. The activation of pathways was another aspect of systemic defense activities including jasmonic acid (JA), salicylic acid (SA), and ethylene (ET). Based on these results against <i>M. ruralis</i>, the use of PeVL1 in the agroecosystem with integrated pest management and biocontrol seems appropriate. Our research provides a novel insight into a cutting-edge biocontrol method utilizing <i>V. lecanii</i> 2. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T08:24:01Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-444f8edb9fc543b1bd15fac4bd28a12b |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-2607 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T08:24:01Z |
| publishDate | 2023-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Microorganisms |
| spelling | doaj.art-444f8edb9fc543b1bd15fac4bd28a12b2023-11-16T22:14:13ZengMDPI AGMicroorganisms2076-26072023-01-0111231710.3390/microorganisms11020317PeVL1 Novel Elicitor Protein, from <i>Verticillium lecanii</i> 2, Enhances Systemic Resistance against Rice Leaf Roller (<i>Marasmia ruralis</i> Wlk.) in Rice (<i>Oryza sativa</i> L.)Khadija Javed0Yong Wang1Humayun Javed2Department of Plant Pathology, Agriculture College, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, ChinaDepartment of Plant Pathology, Agriculture College, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, ChinaRothamsted Research West Common Harpenden, Hertfordshire AL5 2JQ, UKThe hazardous pest known as rice leaf roller (<i>Marasmia ruralis</i> Wlk.) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), which undermines rice (<i>Oryza sativa</i> L.) output globally, folds the leaves of the rice plant. Protein elicitors are thought to be biological elements that causes the rice to become resistant to herbivores. The potential for biocontrol of the emerging elicitor protein evaluated from <i>Verticillium lecanii</i> 2 (PeVL1) was evaluated against <i>M. ruralis</i>. To assess the impact of PeVL1 on immature development, survival, and lifetime, four different PeVL1 concentrations were allocated. Electrical penetration graphs (EPGs) against <i>M. ruralis</i> were used to evaluate adult reproductive efficiency and the interaction between the pest and the pathogen. Furthermore, the characterization of active substances in PeVL1 with multi-acting entomopathogenic effects looked into the direct interactions of PeVL1 with temperature and climatic change in rice (<i>O. sativa</i>) plants. PeVL1 treatments reduced the population increase of second and third generation <i>M. ruralis</i> compared to controls. In a test of host selection, <i>M. ruralis</i> colonized control plants more quickly than PeVL1-treated <i>O. sativa</i> plants. PeVL1 concentrations prolonged the <i>M. ruralis</i> larval stage. Similar to fecundity, PeVL1-treated seedlings produced fewer offspring than control seedlings. On PeVL1-treated leaves, trichomes and wax production created an unfavorable habitat for <i>M. ruralis</i>. PeVL1 changed the surface structure of the leaves, which inhibited colonization and decreased <i>M. ruralis</i> reproduction. The activation of pathways was another aspect of systemic defense activities including jasmonic acid (JA), salicylic acid (SA), and ethylene (ET). Based on these results against <i>M. ruralis</i>, the use of PeVL1 in the agroecosystem with integrated pest management and biocontrol seems appropriate. Our research provides a novel insight into a cutting-edge biocontrol method utilizing <i>V. lecanii</i> 2.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/11/2/317<i>Verticillium lecanii</i> 2<i>Marasmia ruralis</i><i>Oryza sativa</i>larval developmental instarsfecundityexpressions of defense-related genes |
| spellingShingle | Khadija Javed Yong Wang Humayun Javed PeVL1 Novel Elicitor Protein, from <i>Verticillium lecanii</i> 2, Enhances Systemic Resistance against Rice Leaf Roller (<i>Marasmia ruralis</i> Wlk.) in Rice (<i>Oryza sativa</i> L.) Microorganisms <i>Verticillium lecanii</i> 2 <i>Marasmia ruralis</i> <i>Oryza sativa</i> larval developmental instars fecundity expressions of defense-related genes |
| title | PeVL1 Novel Elicitor Protein, from <i>Verticillium lecanii</i> 2, Enhances Systemic Resistance against Rice Leaf Roller (<i>Marasmia ruralis</i> Wlk.) in Rice (<i>Oryza sativa</i> L.) |
| title_full | PeVL1 Novel Elicitor Protein, from <i>Verticillium lecanii</i> 2, Enhances Systemic Resistance against Rice Leaf Roller (<i>Marasmia ruralis</i> Wlk.) in Rice (<i>Oryza sativa</i> L.) |
| title_fullStr | PeVL1 Novel Elicitor Protein, from <i>Verticillium lecanii</i> 2, Enhances Systemic Resistance against Rice Leaf Roller (<i>Marasmia ruralis</i> Wlk.) in Rice (<i>Oryza sativa</i> L.) |
| title_full_unstemmed | PeVL1 Novel Elicitor Protein, from <i>Verticillium lecanii</i> 2, Enhances Systemic Resistance against Rice Leaf Roller (<i>Marasmia ruralis</i> Wlk.) in Rice (<i>Oryza sativa</i> L.) |
| title_short | PeVL1 Novel Elicitor Protein, from <i>Verticillium lecanii</i> 2, Enhances Systemic Resistance against Rice Leaf Roller (<i>Marasmia ruralis</i> Wlk.) in Rice (<i>Oryza sativa</i> L.) |
| title_sort | pevl1 novel elicitor protein from i verticillium lecanii i 2 enhances systemic resistance against rice leaf roller i marasmia ruralis i wlk in rice i oryza sativa i l |
| topic | <i>Verticillium lecanii</i> 2 <i>Marasmia ruralis</i> <i>Oryza sativa</i> larval developmental instars fecundity expressions of defense-related genes |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/11/2/317 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT khadijajaved pevl1novelelicitorproteinfromiverticilliumlecaniii2enhancessystemicresistanceagainstriceleafrollerimarasmiaruralisiwlkinriceioryzasativail AT yongwang pevl1novelelicitorproteinfromiverticilliumlecaniii2enhancessystemicresistanceagainstriceleafrollerimarasmiaruralisiwlkinriceioryzasativail AT humayunjaved pevl1novelelicitorproteinfromiverticilliumlecaniii2enhancessystemicresistanceagainstriceleafrollerimarasmiaruralisiwlkinriceioryzasativail |