From Settlers to Subspecies: Genetic Differentiation in Commerson’s Dolphins Between South America and the Kerguelen Islands
Commerson’s dolphins (Cephalorhynchus commersonii) are separated into the subspecies C. c. commersonii, found along southern South America (SA) and the Falkland Islands/Islas Malvinas (FI/IM), and C. c. kerguelenensis, restricted to the subantarctic Kerguelen Islands (KI). Following the dispersal mo...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2021-12-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Marine Science |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2021.782512/full |
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| author | Sebastián Kraft MJosé Pérez-Alvarez MJosé Pérez-Alvarez MJosé Pérez-Alvarez MJosé Pérez-Alvarez Carlos Olavarría Carlos Olavarría Rodrigo Moraga C. Scott Baker Debbie Steel Paul Tixier Paul Tixier Christophe Guinet Amelia Viricel Paul Brickle Marina Costa Enrique Crespo Cristian Durante Rocio Loizaga Elie Poulin Elie Poulin |
| author_facet | Sebastián Kraft MJosé Pérez-Alvarez MJosé Pérez-Alvarez MJosé Pérez-Alvarez MJosé Pérez-Alvarez Carlos Olavarría Carlos Olavarría Rodrigo Moraga C. Scott Baker Debbie Steel Paul Tixier Paul Tixier Christophe Guinet Amelia Viricel Paul Brickle Marina Costa Enrique Crespo Cristian Durante Rocio Loizaga Elie Poulin Elie Poulin |
| author_sort | Sebastián Kraft |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Commerson’s dolphins (Cephalorhynchus commersonii) are separated into the subspecies C. c. commersonii, found along southern South America (SA) and the Falkland Islands/Islas Malvinas (FI/IM), and C. c. kerguelenensis, restricted to the subantarctic Kerguelen Islands (KI). Following the dispersal model proposed for the genus, the latter is thought to have originated from SA after a long-distance dispersal event. To evaluate this biogeographic scenario, a distribution-wide, balanced sampling of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) control region sequences was designed. New tissue samples from southern Chile, Argentina, FI/IM, and KI were added to published sequences from SA and KI, for a total of 256 samples. Genetic diversity indices, genetic and phylogeographic structure, and migration rates were calculated. One haplotype was shared between subspecies, with which all haplotypes of C. c. kerguelenensis formed a distinct group in the haplotype network. A new haplotype for C. c. kerguelenensis is reported. Differentiation in haplotype frequencies was found among localities within the distribution of C. c. commersonii, yet the phylogeographic signal was only statistically significant between subspecies. Coalescent-based historical gene flow estimations indicated migration between the northern and southern portions of the species’ range in SA as well as between SA and the FI/IM, but not between these and the KI. The net nucleotide divergence between dolphins from SA and the FI/IM was lower than the recommended threshold value suggested for delimiting subspecies, unlike that found between C. c. commersonii and C. c. kerguelenensis. The results are consistent with the model of post-glacial colonization of KI by South American C. commersonii, followed by an ongoing divergence process and subspecies status. Thus, C. c. kerguelenensis may represent the most recent diversification step of Cephalorhynchus, where isolation from their source population is driving a process of incipient speciation. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-14T03:04:35Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-44514ceb75664b52b77301a1276308fd |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2296-7745 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-14T03:04:35Z |
| publishDate | 2021-12-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Marine Science |
| spelling | doaj.art-44514ceb75664b52b77301a1276308fd2022-12-21T23:19:25ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Marine Science2296-77452021-12-01810.3389/fmars.2021.782512782512From Settlers to Subspecies: Genetic Differentiation in Commerson’s Dolphins Between South America and the Kerguelen IslandsSebastián Kraft0MJosé Pérez-Alvarez1MJosé Pérez-Alvarez2MJosé Pérez-Alvarez3MJosé Pérez-Alvarez4Carlos Olavarría5Carlos Olavarría6Rodrigo Moraga7C. Scott Baker8Debbie Steel9Paul Tixier10Paul Tixier11Christophe Guinet12Amelia Viricel13Paul Brickle14Marina Costa15Enrique Crespo16Cristian Durante17Rocio Loizaga18Elie Poulin19Elie Poulin20Laboratorio de Ecología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto de Ecología y Biodiversidad (IEB), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, ChileLaboratorio de Ecología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto de Ecología y Biodiversidad (IEB), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, ChileFacultad de Ciencias, Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, ChileCentro de Investigación Eutropia, Santiago, ChileMillennium Institute Biodiversity of Antarctic and Subantarctic Ecosystems (BASE), Santiago, ChileCentro de Investigación Eutropia, Santiago, ChileCentro de Estudios Avanzados en Zonas Áridas (CEAZA), La Serena, ChileCentro de Investigación Eutropia, Santiago, ChileMarine Mammal Institute, Oregon State University, Newport, OR, United StatesMarine Mammal Institute, Oregon State University, Newport, OR, United StatesMARBEC, Université de Montpellier-CNRS-IFREMER-IRD, Séte, FranceCentre d’Etudes Biologiques de Chizé (CEBC) CNRS-ULR, UMR 7273, Villiers-en-Bois, FranceCentre d’Etudes Biologiques de Chizé (CEBC) CNRS-ULR, UMR 7273, Villiers-en-Bois, FranceLittoral Environnement et Sociétés (LIENSs), UMR 7266, CNRS-Université de la Rochelle, La Rochelle, France0South Atlantic Environmental Research Institute (SAERI), Stanley Cottage, Stanley, Falkland Islands1Laboratorio de Mamíferos Marinos, Centro para el Estudio de Sistemas Marinos (CESIMAR-CONICET), Puerto Madryn, Argentina1Laboratorio de Mamíferos Marinos, Centro para el Estudio de Sistemas Marinos (CESIMAR-CONICET), Puerto Madryn, Argentina1Laboratorio de Mamíferos Marinos, Centro para el Estudio de Sistemas Marinos (CESIMAR-CONICET), Puerto Madryn, Argentina1Laboratorio de Mamíferos Marinos, Centro para el Estudio de Sistemas Marinos (CESIMAR-CONICET), Puerto Madryn, ArgentinaLaboratorio de Ecología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto de Ecología y Biodiversidad (IEB), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, ChileMillennium Institute Biodiversity of Antarctic and Subantarctic Ecosystems (BASE), Santiago, ChileCommerson’s dolphins (Cephalorhynchus commersonii) are separated into the subspecies C. c. commersonii, found along southern South America (SA) and the Falkland Islands/Islas Malvinas (FI/IM), and C. c. kerguelenensis, restricted to the subantarctic Kerguelen Islands (KI). Following the dispersal model proposed for the genus, the latter is thought to have originated from SA after a long-distance dispersal event. To evaluate this biogeographic scenario, a distribution-wide, balanced sampling of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) control region sequences was designed. New tissue samples from southern Chile, Argentina, FI/IM, and KI were added to published sequences from SA and KI, for a total of 256 samples. Genetic diversity indices, genetic and phylogeographic structure, and migration rates were calculated. One haplotype was shared between subspecies, with which all haplotypes of C. c. kerguelenensis formed a distinct group in the haplotype network. A new haplotype for C. c. kerguelenensis is reported. Differentiation in haplotype frequencies was found among localities within the distribution of C. c. commersonii, yet the phylogeographic signal was only statistically significant between subspecies. Coalescent-based historical gene flow estimations indicated migration between the northern and southern portions of the species’ range in SA as well as between SA and the FI/IM, but not between these and the KI. The net nucleotide divergence between dolphins from SA and the FI/IM was lower than the recommended threshold value suggested for delimiting subspecies, unlike that found between C. c. commersonii and C. c. kerguelenensis. The results are consistent with the model of post-glacial colonization of KI by South American C. commersonii, followed by an ongoing divergence process and subspecies status. Thus, C. c. kerguelenensis may represent the most recent diversification step of Cephalorhynchus, where isolation from their source population is driving a process of incipient speciation.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2021.782512/fullCephalorhynchus commersoniicolonizationdivergencelast glacial maximummitochondrial DNAphylogeography |
| spellingShingle | Sebastián Kraft MJosé Pérez-Alvarez MJosé Pérez-Alvarez MJosé Pérez-Alvarez MJosé Pérez-Alvarez Carlos Olavarría Carlos Olavarría Rodrigo Moraga C. Scott Baker Debbie Steel Paul Tixier Paul Tixier Christophe Guinet Amelia Viricel Paul Brickle Marina Costa Enrique Crespo Cristian Durante Rocio Loizaga Elie Poulin Elie Poulin From Settlers to Subspecies: Genetic Differentiation in Commerson’s Dolphins Between South America and the Kerguelen Islands Frontiers in Marine Science Cephalorhynchus commersonii colonization divergence last glacial maximum mitochondrial DNA phylogeography |
| title | From Settlers to Subspecies: Genetic Differentiation in Commerson’s Dolphins Between South America and the Kerguelen Islands |
| title_full | From Settlers to Subspecies: Genetic Differentiation in Commerson’s Dolphins Between South America and the Kerguelen Islands |
| title_fullStr | From Settlers to Subspecies: Genetic Differentiation in Commerson’s Dolphins Between South America and the Kerguelen Islands |
| title_full_unstemmed | From Settlers to Subspecies: Genetic Differentiation in Commerson’s Dolphins Between South America and the Kerguelen Islands |
| title_short | From Settlers to Subspecies: Genetic Differentiation in Commerson’s Dolphins Between South America and the Kerguelen Islands |
| title_sort | from settlers to subspecies genetic differentiation in commerson s dolphins between south america and the kerguelen islands |
| topic | Cephalorhynchus commersonii colonization divergence last glacial maximum mitochondrial DNA phylogeography |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2021.782512/full |
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