Analysis of Emission Reduction Measures and Simulation of PM<sub>2.5</sub> Concentrations in the Main Cotton Production Areas of Xinjiang in 2025
Cotton production in Xinjiang is increasing year by year, and the improved crop yields have had an impact on the environment. This study investigated the changes in six significant pollutants (PM<sub>2.5</sub>, PM<sub>10</sub>, SO<sub>2</sub>, NO<sub>2</s...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2024-02-01
|
| Series: | Atmosphere |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/15/2/201 |
| _version_ | 1797298952324775936 |
|---|---|
| author | Chunsheng Fang Zhuoqiong Li Xiao Liu Weihao Shi Dali Wang Ju Wang |
| author_facet | Chunsheng Fang Zhuoqiong Li Xiao Liu Weihao Shi Dali Wang Ju Wang |
| author_sort | Chunsheng Fang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Cotton production in Xinjiang is increasing year by year, and the improved crop yields have had an impact on the environment. This study investigated the changes in six significant pollutants (PM<sub>2.5</sub>, PM<sub>10</sub>, SO<sub>2</sub>, NO<sub>2</sub>, O<sub>3</sub>, and CO) from 2017 to 2022 in Xinjiang. We compiled a biomass burning emission inventory to make the MEIC emission inventory more complete. The Weather Research and Forecasting Community Multiscale Air Quality (WRF–CMAQ) model was employed to simulate air quality in different reduction scenarios in 2025, and it explored ways to alleviate air pollution in the main cotton areas of Xinjiang. The result shows that the main pollutant in Xinjiang is particulate matter (PM particles with aerodynamic diameters less than 2.5 µm and 10 µm), and the concentration of particulate matter decreased from the northern mountains toward the south. The concentrations of O<sub>3</sub> (ozone) were highest in summer, while the concentrations of other pollutants were high in autumn and winter. If the pollution is not strictly controlled in terms of emission reduction, it is impossible to achieve the target of a 35 μg/m<sup>3</sup> PM<sub>2.5</sub> concentration in the planting area. In the scenario of enhanced emission reduction measures and the scenario of higher intensity emission reduction measures, there was a failure to reach the target, despite the reduction in the PM<sub>2.5</sub> concentration. In the best emission reduction scenario, PM<sub>2.5</sub> in Xinjiang is expected to drop to 22.5 μg/m<sup>3</sup> in November and 34 μg/m<sup>3</sup> in March, respectively. Therefore, in the optimal emission reduction scenario, the target of 35 μg/m<sup>3</sup> will be reached. This study emphasized the importance of future air pollution mitigation and identified a feasible pathway to achieve the target of 35 μg/m<sup>3</sup> PM<sub>2.5</sub> concentration by 2025. The research findings provide useful insights for the local government which can be used to develop strategies aimed at mitigating substantial pollution emissions. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-07T22:42:29Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-445b7cb7a44b4a91b7c3a99f566843be |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4433 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-07T22:42:29Z |
| publishDate | 2024-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Atmosphere |
| spelling | doaj.art-445b7cb7a44b4a91b7c3a99f566843be2024-02-23T15:07:08ZengMDPI AGAtmosphere2073-44332024-02-0115220110.3390/atmos15020201Analysis of Emission Reduction Measures and Simulation of PM<sub>2.5</sub> Concentrations in the Main Cotton Production Areas of Xinjiang in 2025Chunsheng Fang0Zhuoqiong Li1Xiao Liu2Weihao Shi3Dali Wang4Ju Wang5Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, ChinaKey Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, ChinaHeilongjiang Province Building Materials Industry Planning and Design Institute, Harbin 150000, ChinaKey Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, ChinaEnvironmental Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USAKey Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, ChinaCotton production in Xinjiang is increasing year by year, and the improved crop yields have had an impact on the environment. This study investigated the changes in six significant pollutants (PM<sub>2.5</sub>, PM<sub>10</sub>, SO<sub>2</sub>, NO<sub>2</sub>, O<sub>3</sub>, and CO) from 2017 to 2022 in Xinjiang. We compiled a biomass burning emission inventory to make the MEIC emission inventory more complete. The Weather Research and Forecasting Community Multiscale Air Quality (WRF–CMAQ) model was employed to simulate air quality in different reduction scenarios in 2025, and it explored ways to alleviate air pollution in the main cotton areas of Xinjiang. The result shows that the main pollutant in Xinjiang is particulate matter (PM particles with aerodynamic diameters less than 2.5 µm and 10 µm), and the concentration of particulate matter decreased from the northern mountains toward the south. The concentrations of O<sub>3</sub> (ozone) were highest in summer, while the concentrations of other pollutants were high in autumn and winter. If the pollution is not strictly controlled in terms of emission reduction, it is impossible to achieve the target of a 35 μg/m<sup>3</sup> PM<sub>2.5</sub> concentration in the planting area. In the scenario of enhanced emission reduction measures and the scenario of higher intensity emission reduction measures, there was a failure to reach the target, despite the reduction in the PM<sub>2.5</sub> concentration. In the best emission reduction scenario, PM<sub>2.5</sub> in Xinjiang is expected to drop to 22.5 μg/m<sup>3</sup> in November and 34 μg/m<sup>3</sup> in March, respectively. Therefore, in the optimal emission reduction scenario, the target of 35 μg/m<sup>3</sup> will be reached. This study emphasized the importance of future air pollution mitigation and identified a feasible pathway to achieve the target of 35 μg/m<sup>3</sup> PM<sub>2.5</sub> concentration by 2025. The research findings provide useful insights for the local government which can be used to develop strategies aimed at mitigating substantial pollution emissions.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/15/2/201WRF–CMAQXinjiang main cotton regionair pollutionemission reduction measures |
| spellingShingle | Chunsheng Fang Zhuoqiong Li Xiao Liu Weihao Shi Dali Wang Ju Wang Analysis of Emission Reduction Measures and Simulation of PM<sub>2.5</sub> Concentrations in the Main Cotton Production Areas of Xinjiang in 2025 Atmosphere WRF–CMAQ Xinjiang main cotton region air pollution emission reduction measures |
| title | Analysis of Emission Reduction Measures and Simulation of PM<sub>2.5</sub> Concentrations in the Main Cotton Production Areas of Xinjiang in 2025 |
| title_full | Analysis of Emission Reduction Measures and Simulation of PM<sub>2.5</sub> Concentrations in the Main Cotton Production Areas of Xinjiang in 2025 |
| title_fullStr | Analysis of Emission Reduction Measures and Simulation of PM<sub>2.5</sub> Concentrations in the Main Cotton Production Areas of Xinjiang in 2025 |
| title_full_unstemmed | Analysis of Emission Reduction Measures and Simulation of PM<sub>2.5</sub> Concentrations in the Main Cotton Production Areas of Xinjiang in 2025 |
| title_short | Analysis of Emission Reduction Measures and Simulation of PM<sub>2.5</sub> Concentrations in the Main Cotton Production Areas of Xinjiang in 2025 |
| title_sort | analysis of emission reduction measures and simulation of pm sub 2 5 sub concentrations in the main cotton production areas of xinjiang in 2025 |
| topic | WRF–CMAQ Xinjiang main cotton region air pollution emission reduction measures |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/15/2/201 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT chunshengfang analysisofemissionreductionmeasuresandsimulationofpmsub25subconcentrationsinthemaincottonproductionareasofxinjiangin2025 AT zhuoqiongli analysisofemissionreductionmeasuresandsimulationofpmsub25subconcentrationsinthemaincottonproductionareasofxinjiangin2025 AT xiaoliu analysisofemissionreductionmeasuresandsimulationofpmsub25subconcentrationsinthemaincottonproductionareasofxinjiangin2025 AT weihaoshi analysisofemissionreductionmeasuresandsimulationofpmsub25subconcentrationsinthemaincottonproductionareasofxinjiangin2025 AT daliwang analysisofemissionreductionmeasuresandsimulationofpmsub25subconcentrationsinthemaincottonproductionareasofxinjiangin2025 AT juwang analysisofemissionreductionmeasuresandsimulationofpmsub25subconcentrationsinthemaincottonproductionareasofxinjiangin2025 |