Predictors of chronic kidney disease survival in type 2 diabetes: a 12-year retrospective cohort study utilizing estimated glomerular filtration rate
Abstract Predicting the course of kidney disease in individuals with both type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) is a significant clinical and policy challenge. In several regions, DM is now the leading cause of end-stage renal disease. The aim of this study to identify both modifiable and non-mod...
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| Format: | Article |
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Nature Portfolio
2024-04-01
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| Series: | Scientific Reports |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-58574-x |
| _version_ | 1797199456675823616 |
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| author | Ammar Abdulrahman Jairoun Chong Chee Ping Baharudin Ibrahim |
| author_facet | Ammar Abdulrahman Jairoun Chong Chee Ping Baharudin Ibrahim |
| author_sort | Ammar Abdulrahman Jairoun |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Predicting the course of kidney disease in individuals with both type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) is a significant clinical and policy challenge. In several regions, DM is now the leading cause of end-stage renal disease. The aim of this study to identify both modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors, along with clinical markers and coexisting conditions, that increase the likelihood of stage 3–5 chronic kidney disease (CKD) development in individuals with type 2 DM in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). This was a single-center retrospective cohort study based on data derived from electronic medical records of UAE patients with DM who were registered at outpatient clinics at Tawam Hospital in Al Ain, UAE, between January 2011 and December 2021. Type 2 DM patients aged ≥ 18 years who had serum HbA1c levels ≥ 6.5% were included in the study. Patients with type 1 DM, who had undergone permanent renal replacement therapy, who had under 1 year of follow-up, or who had missing or incomplete data were excluded from the study. Factors associated with diabetic patients developing stage 3–5 CKD were identified through Cox regression analysis and a fine and gray competing risk model to account for competing events that could potentially hinder the development of CKD. A total of 1003 patients were recruited for the study. The mean age of the study cohort at baseline was 70.6 ± 28.2 years. Several factors were found to increase the risk of developing stage 3–5 CKD: advancing age (HR 1.005, 95% CI 1.002–1.009, p = 0.026), a history of hypertension (HR 1.69, 95% CI 1.032–2.8, p = 0.037), a history of heart disease (HR 1.49, 95% CI 1.16–1.92, p = 0.002), elevated levels of serum creatinine (HR 1.006, 95% CI 1.002–1.010, p = 0.003), decreased levels of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) (HR 0.943, 95% CI, 0.938–0.947; p < 0.001), and the use of beta-blockers (HR 139, 95% CI 112–173, p = 0.003). Implementing preventative measures, initiating early interventions, and developing personalized care plans tailored to address specific risk factors are imperative for reducing the impact of CKD. Additionally, the unforeseen findings related to eGFR highlight the ongoing need for research to deepen our understanding of the complexities of kidney disease. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-24T07:16:03Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-44650a0557cc4bc0a0505465a0f4f18c |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2045-2322 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-24T07:16:03Z |
| publishDate | 2024-04-01 |
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| spelling | doaj.art-44650a0557cc4bc0a0505465a0f4f18c2024-04-21T11:16:03ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222024-04-0114111310.1038/s41598-024-58574-xPredictors of chronic kidney disease survival in type 2 diabetes: a 12-year retrospective cohort study utilizing estimated glomerular filtration rateAmmar Abdulrahman Jairoun0Chong Chee Ping1Baharudin Ibrahim2Discipline of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM)Discipline of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM)Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti MalayaAbstract Predicting the course of kidney disease in individuals with both type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) is a significant clinical and policy challenge. In several regions, DM is now the leading cause of end-stage renal disease. The aim of this study to identify both modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors, along with clinical markers and coexisting conditions, that increase the likelihood of stage 3–5 chronic kidney disease (CKD) development in individuals with type 2 DM in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). This was a single-center retrospective cohort study based on data derived from electronic medical records of UAE patients with DM who were registered at outpatient clinics at Tawam Hospital in Al Ain, UAE, between January 2011 and December 2021. Type 2 DM patients aged ≥ 18 years who had serum HbA1c levels ≥ 6.5% were included in the study. Patients with type 1 DM, who had undergone permanent renal replacement therapy, who had under 1 year of follow-up, or who had missing or incomplete data were excluded from the study. Factors associated with diabetic patients developing stage 3–5 CKD were identified through Cox regression analysis and a fine and gray competing risk model to account for competing events that could potentially hinder the development of CKD. A total of 1003 patients were recruited for the study. The mean age of the study cohort at baseline was 70.6 ± 28.2 years. Several factors were found to increase the risk of developing stage 3–5 CKD: advancing age (HR 1.005, 95% CI 1.002–1.009, p = 0.026), a history of hypertension (HR 1.69, 95% CI 1.032–2.8, p = 0.037), a history of heart disease (HR 1.49, 95% CI 1.16–1.92, p = 0.002), elevated levels of serum creatinine (HR 1.006, 95% CI 1.002–1.010, p = 0.003), decreased levels of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) (HR 0.943, 95% CI, 0.938–0.947; p < 0.001), and the use of beta-blockers (HR 139, 95% CI 112–173, p = 0.003). Implementing preventative measures, initiating early interventions, and developing personalized care plans tailored to address specific risk factors are imperative for reducing the impact of CKD. Additionally, the unforeseen findings related to eGFR highlight the ongoing need for research to deepen our understanding of the complexities of kidney disease.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-58574-xChronic kidney diseaseeGFRDiabetes mellitusSurvival analysisCardiovascular disease |
| spellingShingle | Ammar Abdulrahman Jairoun Chong Chee Ping Baharudin Ibrahim Predictors of chronic kidney disease survival in type 2 diabetes: a 12-year retrospective cohort study utilizing estimated glomerular filtration rate Scientific Reports Chronic kidney disease eGFR Diabetes mellitus Survival analysis Cardiovascular disease |
| title | Predictors of chronic kidney disease survival in type 2 diabetes: a 12-year retrospective cohort study utilizing estimated glomerular filtration rate |
| title_full | Predictors of chronic kidney disease survival in type 2 diabetes: a 12-year retrospective cohort study utilizing estimated glomerular filtration rate |
| title_fullStr | Predictors of chronic kidney disease survival in type 2 diabetes: a 12-year retrospective cohort study utilizing estimated glomerular filtration rate |
| title_full_unstemmed | Predictors of chronic kidney disease survival in type 2 diabetes: a 12-year retrospective cohort study utilizing estimated glomerular filtration rate |
| title_short | Predictors of chronic kidney disease survival in type 2 diabetes: a 12-year retrospective cohort study utilizing estimated glomerular filtration rate |
| title_sort | predictors of chronic kidney disease survival in type 2 diabetes a 12 year retrospective cohort study utilizing estimated glomerular filtration rate |
| topic | Chronic kidney disease eGFR Diabetes mellitus Survival analysis Cardiovascular disease |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-58574-x |
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