Current Knowledge on Exosome Biogenesis, Cargo-Sorting Mechanism and Therapeutic Implications
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nanoscale membrane vesicles released by donor cells that can be taken up by recipient cells. The study of EVs has the potential to identify unknown cellular and molecular mechanisms in intercellular communication and disease. Exosomes, with an average diameter of ≈10...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-05-01
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| Series: | Membranes |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0375/12/5/498 |
| _version_ | 1797497978587447296 |
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| author | Shenmin Xie Qin Zhang Li Jiang |
| author_facet | Shenmin Xie Qin Zhang Li Jiang |
| author_sort | Shenmin Xie |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nanoscale membrane vesicles released by donor cells that can be taken up by recipient cells. The study of EVs has the potential to identify unknown cellular and molecular mechanisms in intercellular communication and disease. Exosomes, with an average diameter of ≈100 nanometers, are a subset of EVs. Different molecular families have been shown to be involved in the formation of exosomes and subsequent secretion of exosomes, which largely leads to the complexity of the form, structure and function of exosomes. In addition, because of their low immunogenicity and ability to transfer a variety of bioactive components to recipient cells, exosomes are regarded as effective drug delivery systems. This review summarizes the known mechanisms of exosomes biogenesis, cargo loading, exosomes release and bioengineering, which is of great importance for further exploration into the clinical applications of EVs. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T03:26:51Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-4472d20d4152423cbfa3f3b9cef7ac68 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2077-0375 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T03:26:51Z |
| publishDate | 2022-05-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Membranes |
| spelling | doaj.art-4472d20d4152423cbfa3f3b9cef7ac682023-11-23T12:05:39ZengMDPI AGMembranes2077-03752022-05-0112549810.3390/membranes12050498Current Knowledge on Exosome Biogenesis, Cargo-Sorting Mechanism and Therapeutic ImplicationsShenmin Xie0Qin Zhang1Li Jiang2National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding & Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science & Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, ChinaNational Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding & Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science & Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, ChinaNational Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding & Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science & Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, ChinaExtracellular vesicles (EVs) are nanoscale membrane vesicles released by donor cells that can be taken up by recipient cells. The study of EVs has the potential to identify unknown cellular and molecular mechanisms in intercellular communication and disease. Exosomes, with an average diameter of ≈100 nanometers, are a subset of EVs. Different molecular families have been shown to be involved in the formation of exosomes and subsequent secretion of exosomes, which largely leads to the complexity of the form, structure and function of exosomes. In addition, because of their low immunogenicity and ability to transfer a variety of bioactive components to recipient cells, exosomes are regarded as effective drug delivery systems. This review summarizes the known mechanisms of exosomes biogenesis, cargo loading, exosomes release and bioengineering, which is of great importance for further exploration into the clinical applications of EVs.https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0375/12/5/498exosomesbiogenesiscargo sortingESCRTmicroRNAbioengineering |
| spellingShingle | Shenmin Xie Qin Zhang Li Jiang Current Knowledge on Exosome Biogenesis, Cargo-Sorting Mechanism and Therapeutic Implications Membranes exosomes biogenesis cargo sorting ESCRT microRNA bioengineering |
| title | Current Knowledge on Exosome Biogenesis, Cargo-Sorting Mechanism and Therapeutic Implications |
| title_full | Current Knowledge on Exosome Biogenesis, Cargo-Sorting Mechanism and Therapeutic Implications |
| title_fullStr | Current Knowledge on Exosome Biogenesis, Cargo-Sorting Mechanism and Therapeutic Implications |
| title_full_unstemmed | Current Knowledge on Exosome Biogenesis, Cargo-Sorting Mechanism and Therapeutic Implications |
| title_short | Current Knowledge on Exosome Biogenesis, Cargo-Sorting Mechanism and Therapeutic Implications |
| title_sort | current knowledge on exosome biogenesis cargo sorting mechanism and therapeutic implications |
| topic | exosomes biogenesis cargo sorting ESCRT microRNA bioengineering |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0375/12/5/498 |
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