HOPX: A Unique Homeodomain Protein in Development and Tumor Suppression
Homeobox genes are master regulators of morphogenesis and differentiation by acting at the top of genetic hierarchies and their deregulation is associated with a variety of human diseases. They usually contain a highly conserved sequence that codes for the homeodomain of the protein, a specialized m...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-06-01
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| Series: | Cancers |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6694/14/11/2764 |
| _version_ | 1797493838823030784 |
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| author | Ravindran Caspa Gokulan Lee Fah Yap Ian C. Paterson |
| author_facet | Ravindran Caspa Gokulan Lee Fah Yap Ian C. Paterson |
| author_sort | Ravindran Caspa Gokulan |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Homeobox genes are master regulators of morphogenesis and differentiation by acting at the top of genetic hierarchies and their deregulation is associated with a variety of human diseases. They usually contain a highly conserved sequence that codes for the homeodomain of the protein, a specialized motif with three α helices and an N-terminal arm that aids in DNA binding. However, one homeodomain protein, HOPX, is unique among its family members in that it lacks the capacity to bind DNA and instead functions by interacting with transcriptional regulators. HOPX plays crucial roles in organogenesis and is expressed in both embryonic and adult stem cells. Loss of HOPX expression is common in cancer, where it functions primarily as a tumor suppressor gene. In this review, we describe the function of HOPX in development and discuss its role in carcinogenesis. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T01:25:43Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-4474f75b39fb47e1a14b4e34d54a5504 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-6694 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T01:25:43Z |
| publishDate | 2022-06-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Cancers |
| spelling | doaj.art-4474f75b39fb47e1a14b4e34d54a55042023-11-23T13:50:47ZengMDPI AGCancers2072-66942022-06-011411276410.3390/cancers14112764HOPX: A Unique Homeodomain Protein in Development and Tumor SuppressionRavindran Caspa Gokulan0Lee Fah Yap1Ian C. Paterson2Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Surgery, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USAOral Cancer Research Coordinating Centre, Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, MalaysiaOral Cancer Research Coordinating Centre, Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, MalaysiaHomeobox genes are master regulators of morphogenesis and differentiation by acting at the top of genetic hierarchies and their deregulation is associated with a variety of human diseases. They usually contain a highly conserved sequence that codes for the homeodomain of the protein, a specialized motif with three α helices and an N-terminal arm that aids in DNA binding. However, one homeodomain protein, HOPX, is unique among its family members in that it lacks the capacity to bind DNA and instead functions by interacting with transcriptional regulators. HOPX plays crucial roles in organogenesis and is expressed in both embryonic and adult stem cells. Loss of HOPX expression is common in cancer, where it functions primarily as a tumor suppressor gene. In this review, we describe the function of HOPX in development and discuss its role in carcinogenesis.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6694/14/11/2764HOPXtumor suppressorsenescencesquamous differentiationapoptosis |
| spellingShingle | Ravindran Caspa Gokulan Lee Fah Yap Ian C. Paterson HOPX: A Unique Homeodomain Protein in Development and Tumor Suppression Cancers HOPX tumor suppressor senescence squamous differentiation apoptosis |
| title | HOPX: A Unique Homeodomain Protein in Development and Tumor Suppression |
| title_full | HOPX: A Unique Homeodomain Protein in Development and Tumor Suppression |
| title_fullStr | HOPX: A Unique Homeodomain Protein in Development and Tumor Suppression |
| title_full_unstemmed | HOPX: A Unique Homeodomain Protein in Development and Tumor Suppression |
| title_short | HOPX: A Unique Homeodomain Protein in Development and Tumor Suppression |
| title_sort | hopx a unique homeodomain protein in development and tumor suppression |
| topic | HOPX tumor suppressor senescence squamous differentiation apoptosis |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6694/14/11/2764 |
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