A Time-of-Flight Estimation Method for Acoustic Ranging and Thermometry Based on Digital Lock-In Filtering
Accurate ranging and real-time temperature monitoring are essential for metrology and safety in electrical conduit applications. This paper proposes an acoustic time-of-flight (TOF) estimation method based on the digital lock-in filtering (DLF) technique for conduit ranging and thermometry. The meth...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-07-01
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| Series: | Sensors |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/15/5519 |
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| author | Qi Liu Bin Zhou Jianyong Zhang Ruixue Cheng Xuhao Zhao Rong Zhao Minglu Dai Bubin Wang Yihong Wang |
| author_facet | Qi Liu Bin Zhou Jianyong Zhang Ruixue Cheng Xuhao Zhao Rong Zhao Minglu Dai Bubin Wang Yihong Wang |
| author_sort | Qi Liu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Accurate ranging and real-time temperature monitoring are essential for metrology and safety in electrical conduit applications. This paper proposes an acoustic time-of-flight (TOF) estimation method based on the digital lock-in filtering (DLF) technique for conduit ranging and thermometry. The method establishes the relationship between the frequency and the time domain by applying a linear frequency modulated Chirp signal as the sound source and using the DLF technique to extract the first harmonic of the characteristic frequencies of the transmitted and received signals. Acoustic TOF estimation in the conduit is then achieved by calculating the mathematical expectation of the time difference between each characteristic frequency in the time-frequency relationship of the two signals. The experimental results with enhanced noise interference on different conduit lengths and various temperature conditions, proved that the proposed DLF method can establish a robust linear time-frequency relationship according to the characteristics of the Chirp signal, and the measurement accuracy of TOF has also been confirmed. Compared to the conventional method, the DLF method provides the lowest absolute error and standard deviation for both distance and temperature measurements with an enhanced robustness. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T10:05:21Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-44847ac3cf554ad7a59e387c95ee11c4 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1424-8220 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T10:05:21Z |
| publishDate | 2022-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Sensors |
| spelling | doaj.art-44847ac3cf554ad7a59e387c95ee11c42023-12-01T23:09:11ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202022-07-012215551910.3390/s22155519A Time-of-Flight Estimation Method for Acoustic Ranging and Thermometry Based on Digital Lock-In FilteringQi Liu0Bin Zhou1Jianyong Zhang2Ruixue Cheng3Xuhao Zhao4Rong Zhao5Minglu Dai6Bubin Wang7Yihong Wang8School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, ChinaSchool of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, ChinaSchool of Computing, Engineering and Digital Technologies, Teesside University, Middlesbrough TS1 3BX, UKSchool of Computing, Engineering and Digital Technologies, Teesside University, Middlesbrough TS1 3BX, UKSchool of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, ChinaSchool of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, ChinaSchool of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, ChinaSchool of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, ChinaSchool of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, ChinaAccurate ranging and real-time temperature monitoring are essential for metrology and safety in electrical conduit applications. This paper proposes an acoustic time-of-flight (TOF) estimation method based on the digital lock-in filtering (DLF) technique for conduit ranging and thermometry. The method establishes the relationship between the frequency and the time domain by applying a linear frequency modulated Chirp signal as the sound source and using the DLF technique to extract the first harmonic of the characteristic frequencies of the transmitted and received signals. Acoustic TOF estimation in the conduit is then achieved by calculating the mathematical expectation of the time difference between each characteristic frequency in the time-frequency relationship of the two signals. The experimental results with enhanced noise interference on different conduit lengths and various temperature conditions, proved that the proposed DLF method can establish a robust linear time-frequency relationship according to the characteristics of the Chirp signal, and the measurement accuracy of TOF has also been confirmed. Compared to the conventional method, the DLF method provides the lowest absolute error and standard deviation for both distance and temperature measurements with an enhanced robustness.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/15/5519acoustic rangingacoustic thermometrydigital lock-in filteringelectrical conduittime-of-flight estimation |
| spellingShingle | Qi Liu Bin Zhou Jianyong Zhang Ruixue Cheng Xuhao Zhao Rong Zhao Minglu Dai Bubin Wang Yihong Wang A Time-of-Flight Estimation Method for Acoustic Ranging and Thermometry Based on Digital Lock-In Filtering Sensors acoustic ranging acoustic thermometry digital lock-in filtering electrical conduit time-of-flight estimation |
| title | A Time-of-Flight Estimation Method for Acoustic Ranging and Thermometry Based on Digital Lock-In Filtering |
| title_full | A Time-of-Flight Estimation Method for Acoustic Ranging and Thermometry Based on Digital Lock-In Filtering |
| title_fullStr | A Time-of-Flight Estimation Method for Acoustic Ranging and Thermometry Based on Digital Lock-In Filtering |
| title_full_unstemmed | A Time-of-Flight Estimation Method for Acoustic Ranging and Thermometry Based on Digital Lock-In Filtering |
| title_short | A Time-of-Flight Estimation Method for Acoustic Ranging and Thermometry Based on Digital Lock-In Filtering |
| title_sort | time of flight estimation method for acoustic ranging and thermometry based on digital lock in filtering |
| topic | acoustic ranging acoustic thermometry digital lock-in filtering electrical conduit time-of-flight estimation |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/15/5519 |
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