Muscle metabolic remodelling in response to endurance exercise in salmonids
Phenotypic plasticity of skeletal muscle is relevant to swimming performance and metabolism in fishes, especially those that undergo extreme locomotory feats, such as seasonal migration. However, the influence of endurance exercise and the molecular mechanisms coordinating this remodelling are not w...
| Main Authors: | , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2014-11-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Physiology |
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| Online Access: | http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fphys.2014.00452/full |
| _version_ | 1811216217774489600 |
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| author | Andrea J Morash Mark eVanderveken Grant B McClelland |
| author_facet | Andrea J Morash Mark eVanderveken Grant B McClelland |
| author_sort | Andrea J Morash |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Phenotypic plasticity of skeletal muscle is relevant to swimming performance and metabolism in fishes, especially those that undergo extreme locomotory feats, such as seasonal migration. However, the influence of endurance exercise and the molecular mechanisms coordinating this remodelling are not well understood. The present study examines muscle metabolic remodelling associated with endurance exercise in fed rainbow trout as compared to migrating salmon. Trout were swum for 4 weeks at 1.5BL/s, a speed similar to that of migrating salmon and red and white muscles were sampled after each week. We quantified changes in key enzymes in aerobic and carbohydrate metabolism (citrate synthase (CS), β-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase (HOAD), hexokinase (HK)) and changes in mRNA expression of major regulators of metabolic phenotype (AMPK, PPARs) and lipid (carnitine palmitoyltransferase, CPT I), protein (aspartate aminotransferase, AST) and carbohydrate (HK) oxidation pathways. After one week of swimming substantial increases were seen in AMPK and PPARα mRNA expression and of their downstream target genes, CPTI and HK in red muscle. However, significant changes in CS and HK activity occurred only after 4 weeks. In contrast, there were few changes in mRNA expression and enzyme activities in white muscle over the 4-weeks. Red muscle results mimic those found in migrating salmon suggesting a strong influence of exercise on red muscle phenotype. In white muscle, only changes in AMPK and PPAR expression were similar to that seen with migrating salmon. However, in contrast to exercise alone, in natural migration HK decreased while AST increased suggesting that white muscle plays a role in supplying fuel and intermediates possibly through tissue breakdown during prolonged fasting. Dissecting individual and potentially synergistic effects of multiple stressors will enable us to determine major drivers of the metabolic phenotype and their impacts on whole animal performance. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-12T06:35:42Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-448792a12f364b86ba537ce9f2cc6dd0 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-042X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-12T06:35:42Z |
| publishDate | 2014-11-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Physiology |
| spelling | doaj.art-448792a12f364b86ba537ce9f2cc6dd02022-12-22T03:43:53ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Physiology1664-042X2014-11-01510.3389/fphys.2014.00452117431Muscle metabolic remodelling in response to endurance exercise in salmonidsAndrea J Morash0Mark eVanderveken1Grant B McClelland2McMaster UniversityMcMaster UniversityMcMaster UniversityPhenotypic plasticity of skeletal muscle is relevant to swimming performance and metabolism in fishes, especially those that undergo extreme locomotory feats, such as seasonal migration. However, the influence of endurance exercise and the molecular mechanisms coordinating this remodelling are not well understood. The present study examines muscle metabolic remodelling associated with endurance exercise in fed rainbow trout as compared to migrating salmon. Trout were swum for 4 weeks at 1.5BL/s, a speed similar to that of migrating salmon and red and white muscles were sampled after each week. We quantified changes in key enzymes in aerobic and carbohydrate metabolism (citrate synthase (CS), β-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase (HOAD), hexokinase (HK)) and changes in mRNA expression of major regulators of metabolic phenotype (AMPK, PPARs) and lipid (carnitine palmitoyltransferase, CPT I), protein (aspartate aminotransferase, AST) and carbohydrate (HK) oxidation pathways. After one week of swimming substantial increases were seen in AMPK and PPARα mRNA expression and of their downstream target genes, CPTI and HK in red muscle. However, significant changes in CS and HK activity occurred only after 4 weeks. In contrast, there were few changes in mRNA expression and enzyme activities in white muscle over the 4-weeks. Red muscle results mimic those found in migrating salmon suggesting a strong influence of exercise on red muscle phenotype. In white muscle, only changes in AMPK and PPAR expression were similar to that seen with migrating salmon. However, in contrast to exercise alone, in natural migration HK decreased while AST increased suggesting that white muscle plays a role in supplying fuel and intermediates possibly through tissue breakdown during prolonged fasting. Dissecting individual and potentially synergistic effects of multiple stressors will enable us to determine major drivers of the metabolic phenotype and their impacts on whole animal performance.http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fphys.2014.00452/fullMetabolismMigrationMuscle Remodellingsalmonidsendurance exercisefuel selection |
| spellingShingle | Andrea J Morash Mark eVanderveken Grant B McClelland Muscle metabolic remodelling in response to endurance exercise in salmonids Frontiers in Physiology Metabolism Migration Muscle Remodelling salmonids endurance exercise fuel selection |
| title | Muscle metabolic remodelling in response to endurance exercise in salmonids |
| title_full | Muscle metabolic remodelling in response to endurance exercise in salmonids |
| title_fullStr | Muscle metabolic remodelling in response to endurance exercise in salmonids |
| title_full_unstemmed | Muscle metabolic remodelling in response to endurance exercise in salmonids |
| title_short | Muscle metabolic remodelling in response to endurance exercise in salmonids |
| title_sort | muscle metabolic remodelling in response to endurance exercise in salmonids |
| topic | Metabolism Migration Muscle Remodelling salmonids endurance exercise fuel selection |
| url | http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fphys.2014.00452/full |
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