Nuclear Quadrupole Resonance (NQR)—A Useful Spectroscopic Tool in Pharmacy for the Study of Polymorphism
Nuclear Quadrupole Resonance (NQR) spectroscopy has been known for 70 years. It is suitable for the study of measured (poly)crystalline chemical compounds containing quadrupole nuclei (nuclei with spin I ≥ 1) where the characteristic NQR frequencies represent the fingerprints of these compounds. In...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2020-05-01
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| Series: | Crystals |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4352/10/6/450 |
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| author | Zvonko Trontelj Janez Pirnat Vojko Jazbinšek Janko Lužnik Stane Srčič Zoran Lavrič Samo Beguš Tomaž Apih Veselko Žagar Janez Seliger |
| author_facet | Zvonko Trontelj Janez Pirnat Vojko Jazbinšek Janko Lužnik Stane Srčič Zoran Lavrič Samo Beguš Tomaž Apih Veselko Žagar Janez Seliger |
| author_sort | Zvonko Trontelj |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Nuclear Quadrupole Resonance (NQR) spectroscopy has been known for 70 years. It is suitable for the study of measured (poly)crystalline chemical compounds containing quadrupole nuclei (nuclei with spin I ≥ 1) where the characteristic NQR frequencies represent the fingerprints of these compounds. In several cases, <sup>14</sup>N NQR can distinguish between the polymorphic crystalline phases of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs). In order to further stimulate <sup>14</sup>N NQR studies, we review here several results of API polymorphism studies obtained in Ljubljana laboratories: (a) In sulfanilamide, a clear distinction between three known polymorphs (α, β, γ) was demonstrated. (b) In famotidine, the full spectra of all seven different nitrogen positions were measured; two polymorphs were distinguished. (c) In piroxicam, the <sup>14</sup>N NQR data helped in confirming the new polymorphic form V. (d) The compaction pressure in the tablet production of paracetamol, which is connected with linewidth change, can be used to distinguish between producers of paracetamol. We established that paracetamol in the tablets of six different manufacturers can be identified by <sup>14</sup>N NQR linewidth. (e) Finally, in order to get an extremely sensitive <sup>14</sup>N NQR spectrometer, the optical detection of the <sup>14</sup>N NQR signal is mentioned. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T19:27:34Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-449ca19663464c7289afed44c32e856a |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4352 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T19:27:34Z |
| publishDate | 2020-05-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Crystals |
| spelling | doaj.art-449ca19663464c7289afed44c32e856a2023-11-20T02:23:10ZengMDPI AGCrystals2073-43522020-05-0110645010.3390/cryst10060450Nuclear Quadrupole Resonance (NQR)—A Useful Spectroscopic Tool in Pharmacy for the Study of PolymorphismZvonko Trontelj0Janez Pirnat1Vojko Jazbinšek2Janko Lužnik3Stane Srčič4Zoran Lavrič5Samo Beguš6Tomaž Apih7Veselko Žagar8Janez Seliger9Institute of Mathematics, Physics and Mechanics, 1000 Ljubljana, SloveniaInstitute of Mathematics, Physics and Mechanics, 1000 Ljubljana, SloveniaInstitute of Mathematics, Physics and Mechanics, 1000 Ljubljana, SloveniaInstitute of Mathematics, Physics and Mechanics, 1000 Ljubljana, SloveniaFaculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, SloveniaFaculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, SloveniaFaculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, SloveniaJožef Stefan Institute, 1000 Ljubljana, SloveniaJožef Stefan Institute, 1000 Ljubljana, SloveniaJožef Stefan Institute, 1000 Ljubljana, SloveniaNuclear Quadrupole Resonance (NQR) spectroscopy has been known for 70 years. It is suitable for the study of measured (poly)crystalline chemical compounds containing quadrupole nuclei (nuclei with spin I ≥ 1) where the characteristic NQR frequencies represent the fingerprints of these compounds. In several cases, <sup>14</sup>N NQR can distinguish between the polymorphic crystalline phases of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs). In order to further stimulate <sup>14</sup>N NQR studies, we review here several results of API polymorphism studies obtained in Ljubljana laboratories: (a) In sulfanilamide, a clear distinction between three known polymorphs (α, β, γ) was demonstrated. (b) In famotidine, the full spectra of all seven different nitrogen positions were measured; two polymorphs were distinguished. (c) In piroxicam, the <sup>14</sup>N NQR data helped in confirming the new polymorphic form V. (d) The compaction pressure in the tablet production of paracetamol, which is connected with linewidth change, can be used to distinguish between producers of paracetamol. We established that paracetamol in the tablets of six different manufacturers can be identified by <sup>14</sup>N NQR linewidth. (e) Finally, in order to get an extremely sensitive <sup>14</sup>N NQR spectrometer, the optical detection of the <sup>14</sup>N NQR signal is mentioned.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4352/10/6/450NQRNuclear Quadrupole Resonance spectroscopy<sup>14</sup>N NQR and relaxationdrug polymorphismcrystal polymorphismX-ray powder diffraction (XRPD) |
| spellingShingle | Zvonko Trontelj Janez Pirnat Vojko Jazbinšek Janko Lužnik Stane Srčič Zoran Lavrič Samo Beguš Tomaž Apih Veselko Žagar Janez Seliger Nuclear Quadrupole Resonance (NQR)—A Useful Spectroscopic Tool in Pharmacy for the Study of Polymorphism Crystals NQR Nuclear Quadrupole Resonance spectroscopy <sup>14</sup>N NQR and relaxation drug polymorphism crystal polymorphism X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD) |
| title | Nuclear Quadrupole Resonance (NQR)—A Useful Spectroscopic Tool in Pharmacy for the Study of Polymorphism |
| title_full | Nuclear Quadrupole Resonance (NQR)—A Useful Spectroscopic Tool in Pharmacy for the Study of Polymorphism |
| title_fullStr | Nuclear Quadrupole Resonance (NQR)—A Useful Spectroscopic Tool in Pharmacy for the Study of Polymorphism |
| title_full_unstemmed | Nuclear Quadrupole Resonance (NQR)—A Useful Spectroscopic Tool in Pharmacy for the Study of Polymorphism |
| title_short | Nuclear Quadrupole Resonance (NQR)—A Useful Spectroscopic Tool in Pharmacy for the Study of Polymorphism |
| title_sort | nuclear quadrupole resonance nqr a useful spectroscopic tool in pharmacy for the study of polymorphism |
| topic | NQR Nuclear Quadrupole Resonance spectroscopy <sup>14</sup>N NQR and relaxation drug polymorphism crystal polymorphism X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD) |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4352/10/6/450 |
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