Generation of stress fibers through myosin-driven reorganization of the actin cortex
Contractile actomyosin bundles, stress fibers, govern key cellular processes including migration, adhesion, and mechanosensing. Stress fibers are thus critical for developmental morphogenesis. The most prominent actomyosin bundles, ventral stress fibers, are generated through coalescence of pre-exis...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
eLife Sciences Publications Ltd
2021-01-01
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| Series: | eLife |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://elifesciences.org/articles/60710 |
| _version_ | 1797998233704726528 |
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| author | Jaakko I Lehtimäki Eeva Kaisa Rajakylä Sari Tojkander Pekka Lappalainen |
| author_facet | Jaakko I Lehtimäki Eeva Kaisa Rajakylä Sari Tojkander Pekka Lappalainen |
| author_sort | Jaakko I Lehtimäki |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Contractile actomyosin bundles, stress fibers, govern key cellular processes including migration, adhesion, and mechanosensing. Stress fibers are thus critical for developmental morphogenesis. The most prominent actomyosin bundles, ventral stress fibers, are generated through coalescence of pre-existing stress fiber precursors. However, whether stress fibers can assemble through other mechanisms has remained elusive. We report that stress fibers can also form without requirement of pre-existing actomyosin bundles. These structures, which we named cortical stress fibers, are embedded in the cell cortex and assemble preferentially underneath the nucleus. In this process, non-muscle myosin II pulses orchestrate the reorganization of cortical actin meshwork into regular bundles, which promote reinforcement of nascent focal adhesions, and subsequent stabilization of the cortical stress fibers. These results identify a new mechanism by which stress fibers can be generated de novo from the actin cortex and establish role for stochastic myosin pulses in the assembly of functional actomyosin bundles. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-11T10:45:24Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-44a69b7255f946f09a4a017b3a03a394 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2050-084X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-11T10:45:24Z |
| publishDate | 2021-01-01 |
| publisher | eLife Sciences Publications Ltd |
| record_format | Article |
| series | eLife |
| spelling | doaj.art-44a69b7255f946f09a4a017b3a03a3942022-12-22T04:29:04ZengeLife Sciences Publications LtdeLife2050-084X2021-01-011010.7554/eLife.60710Generation of stress fibers through myosin-driven reorganization of the actin cortexJaakko I Lehtimäki0https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0002-0242Eeva Kaisa Rajakylä1Sari Tojkander2Pekka Lappalainen3https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6227-0354HiLIFE Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, FinlandSection of Pathology, Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, FinlandSection of Pathology, Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, FinlandHiLIFE Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, FinlandContractile actomyosin bundles, stress fibers, govern key cellular processes including migration, adhesion, and mechanosensing. Stress fibers are thus critical for developmental morphogenesis. The most prominent actomyosin bundles, ventral stress fibers, are generated through coalescence of pre-existing stress fiber precursors. However, whether stress fibers can assemble through other mechanisms has remained elusive. We report that stress fibers can also form without requirement of pre-existing actomyosin bundles. These structures, which we named cortical stress fibers, are embedded in the cell cortex and assemble preferentially underneath the nucleus. In this process, non-muscle myosin II pulses orchestrate the reorganization of cortical actin meshwork into regular bundles, which promote reinforcement of nascent focal adhesions, and subsequent stabilization of the cortical stress fibers. These results identify a new mechanism by which stress fibers can be generated de novo from the actin cortex and establish role for stochastic myosin pulses in the assembly of functional actomyosin bundles.https://elifesciences.org/articles/60710actinmyosinstress fibermechanosensingcell adhesioncell cortex |
| spellingShingle | Jaakko I Lehtimäki Eeva Kaisa Rajakylä Sari Tojkander Pekka Lappalainen Generation of stress fibers through myosin-driven reorganization of the actin cortex eLife actin myosin stress fiber mechanosensing cell adhesion cell cortex |
| title | Generation of stress fibers through myosin-driven reorganization of the actin cortex |
| title_full | Generation of stress fibers through myosin-driven reorganization of the actin cortex |
| title_fullStr | Generation of stress fibers through myosin-driven reorganization of the actin cortex |
| title_full_unstemmed | Generation of stress fibers through myosin-driven reorganization of the actin cortex |
| title_short | Generation of stress fibers through myosin-driven reorganization of the actin cortex |
| title_sort | generation of stress fibers through myosin driven reorganization of the actin cortex |
| topic | actin myosin stress fiber mechanosensing cell adhesion cell cortex |
| url | https://elifesciences.org/articles/60710 |
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