Detection of Blood CO<sub>2</sub> Influences on Cerebral Hemodynamics Using Transfer Entropy
Cerebral hemodynamics describes an important physiological system affected by components such as blood pressure, CO<sub>2</sub> levels, and endothelial factors. Recently, novel techniques have emerged to analyse cerebral hemodynamics based on the calculation of entropies, which quantifie...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2023-12-01
|
| Series: | Entropy |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/26/1/23 |
| _version_ | 1797344076988678144 |
|---|---|
| author | Juan Fernández-Muñoz Victoria J. Haunton Ronney B. Panerai José Luis Jara |
| author_facet | Juan Fernández-Muñoz Victoria J. Haunton Ronney B. Panerai José Luis Jara |
| author_sort | Juan Fernández-Muñoz |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Cerebral hemodynamics describes an important physiological system affected by components such as blood pressure, CO<sub>2</sub> levels, and endothelial factors. Recently, novel techniques have emerged to analyse cerebral hemodynamics based on the calculation of entropies, which quantifies or describes changes in the complexity of this system when it is affected by a pathological or physiological influence. One recently described measure is transfer entropy, which allows for the determination of causality between the various components of a system in terms of their flow of information, and has shown positive results in the multivariate analysis of physiological signals. This study aims to determine whether conditional transfer entropy reflects the causality in terms of entropy generated by hypocapnia on cerebral hemodynamics. To achieve this, non-invasive signals from 28 healthy individuals who undertook a hyperventilation maneuver were analyzed using conditional transfer entropy to assess the variation in the relevance of CO<sub>2</sub> levels on cerebral blood velocity. By employing a specific method to discretize the signals, it was possible to differentiate the influence of CO<sub>2</sub> levels during the hyperventilation phase (22.0% and 20.3% increase for the left and right hemispheres, respectively) compared to normal breathing, which remained higher during the recovery phase (15.3% and 15.2% increase, respectively). |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T10:57:07Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-44bdee9dbd854fa19e6c94e3429d4353 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1099-4300 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T10:57:07Z |
| publishDate | 2023-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Entropy |
| spelling | doaj.art-44bdee9dbd854fa19e6c94e3429d43532024-01-26T16:22:58ZengMDPI AGEntropy1099-43002023-12-012612310.3390/e26010023Detection of Blood CO<sub>2</sub> Influences on Cerebral Hemodynamics Using Transfer EntropyJuan Fernández-Muñoz0Victoria J. Haunton1Ronney B. Panerai2José Luis Jara3Departamento de Ingeniería Informática, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago 9170022, ChileDepartment of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UKDepartment of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UKDepartamento de Ingeniería Informática, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago 9170022, ChileCerebral hemodynamics describes an important physiological system affected by components such as blood pressure, CO<sub>2</sub> levels, and endothelial factors. Recently, novel techniques have emerged to analyse cerebral hemodynamics based on the calculation of entropies, which quantifies or describes changes in the complexity of this system when it is affected by a pathological or physiological influence. One recently described measure is transfer entropy, which allows for the determination of causality between the various components of a system in terms of their flow of information, and has shown positive results in the multivariate analysis of physiological signals. This study aims to determine whether conditional transfer entropy reflects the causality in terms of entropy generated by hypocapnia on cerebral hemodynamics. To achieve this, non-invasive signals from 28 healthy individuals who undertook a hyperventilation maneuver were analyzed using conditional transfer entropy to assess the variation in the relevance of CO<sub>2</sub> levels on cerebral blood velocity. By employing a specific method to discretize the signals, it was possible to differentiate the influence of CO<sub>2</sub> levels during the hyperventilation phase (22.0% and 20.3% increase for the left and right hemispheres, respectively) compared to normal breathing, which remained higher during the recovery phase (15.3% and 15.2% increase, respectively).https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/26/1/23conditional transfer entropyinformation theorycerebral hemodynamics |
| spellingShingle | Juan Fernández-Muñoz Victoria J. Haunton Ronney B. Panerai José Luis Jara Detection of Blood CO<sub>2</sub> Influences on Cerebral Hemodynamics Using Transfer Entropy Entropy conditional transfer entropy information theory cerebral hemodynamics |
| title | Detection of Blood CO<sub>2</sub> Influences on Cerebral Hemodynamics Using Transfer Entropy |
| title_full | Detection of Blood CO<sub>2</sub> Influences on Cerebral Hemodynamics Using Transfer Entropy |
| title_fullStr | Detection of Blood CO<sub>2</sub> Influences on Cerebral Hemodynamics Using Transfer Entropy |
| title_full_unstemmed | Detection of Blood CO<sub>2</sub> Influences on Cerebral Hemodynamics Using Transfer Entropy |
| title_short | Detection of Blood CO<sub>2</sub> Influences on Cerebral Hemodynamics Using Transfer Entropy |
| title_sort | detection of blood co sub 2 sub influences on cerebral hemodynamics using transfer entropy |
| topic | conditional transfer entropy information theory cerebral hemodynamics |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/26/1/23 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT juanfernandezmunoz detectionofbloodcosub2subinfluencesoncerebralhemodynamicsusingtransferentropy AT victoriajhaunton detectionofbloodcosub2subinfluencesoncerebralhemodynamicsusingtransferentropy AT ronneybpanerai detectionofbloodcosub2subinfluencesoncerebralhemodynamicsusingtransferentropy AT joseluisjara detectionofbloodcosub2subinfluencesoncerebralhemodynamicsusingtransferentropy |