A Novel Approach to Structure Plant-Based Yogurts Using High Pressure Processing
Current plant-based yogurts are made by the fermentation of plant-based milks. Although this imparts fermented flavors and probiotic cultures, the process is relatively longer and often leads to textural issues. The protein content of these plant-based yogurts is also lower than their dairy counterp...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2020-08-01
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| Series: | Foods |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/9/8/1126 |
| _version_ | 1827709601216200704 |
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| author | Shaun Y. J. Sim Xin Yi Hua Christiani Jeyakumar Henry |
| author_facet | Shaun Y. J. Sim Xin Yi Hua Christiani Jeyakumar Henry |
| author_sort | Shaun Y. J. Sim |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Current plant-based yogurts are made by the fermentation of plant-based milks. Although this imparts fermented flavors and probiotic cultures, the process is relatively longer and often leads to textural issues. The protein content of these plant-based yogurts is also lower than their dairy counterparts. To overcome these challenges, this paper explores the high pressure processing (HPP) of plant protein ingredients as an alternative structuring strategy for plant-based yogurts. Using mung bean (MB), chickpea (CP), pea (PP), lentil (LP), and faba bean (FB) proteins as examples, this work compared the viscosity and viscoelastic properties of high pressure-structured (600 MPa, 5 min, 5 °C) 12% (<i>w/w</i>) plant protein gels without, and with 5% (<i>w/w</i>) sunflower oil (SO) to commercial plain skim and whole milk Greek yogurts and discussed the feasibility of using HPP to develop plant-based yogurts. HPP formed viscoelastic gels (G’ > G’’) for all plant protein samples with comparable gel strength (G’~10<sup>2</sup>–10<sup>3</sup> Pa; tan δ~0.2–0.3) to commercial dairy yogurts. The plant protein gel strength decreased in the order: CP~CPSO~LP~LPSO > MBSO~PPSO~FB~FBSO > PP >> MB. Modest addition of sunflower oil led to little change in viscoelastic properties for all plant protein samples except for MB and PP, where gel strength increased with incorporated oil. The emulsion gels were also more viscous than the hydrogels. Nonetheless, the viscosity of the plant protein gels was similar to the dairy yogurts. Finally, a process involving separate biotransformation for optimized flavor production and high pressure processing for consistent texture generation was proposed. This could lead to high protein plant-based yogurt products with desirable texture, flavor, and nutrition. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T17:24:15Z |
| format | Article |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2304-8158 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T17:24:15Z |
| publishDate | 2020-08-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Foods |
| spelling | doaj.art-44be282253e248e386b74fb084a47b012023-11-20T10:14:40ZengMDPI AGFoods2304-81582020-08-0198112610.3390/foods9081126A Novel Approach to Structure Plant-Based Yogurts Using High Pressure ProcessingShaun Y. J. Sim0Xin Yi Hua1Christiani Jeyakumar Henry2Clinical Nutrition Research Centre (CNRC), Singapore Institute of Food and Biotechnology Innovation (SIFBI), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 14 Medical Drive, Singapore 117599, SingaporeClinical Nutrition Research Centre (CNRC), Singapore Institute of Food and Biotechnology Innovation (SIFBI), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 14 Medical Drive, Singapore 117599, SingaporeClinical Nutrition Research Centre (CNRC), Singapore Institute of Food and Biotechnology Innovation (SIFBI), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 14 Medical Drive, Singapore 117599, SingaporeCurrent plant-based yogurts are made by the fermentation of plant-based milks. Although this imparts fermented flavors and probiotic cultures, the process is relatively longer and often leads to textural issues. The protein content of these plant-based yogurts is also lower than their dairy counterparts. To overcome these challenges, this paper explores the high pressure processing (HPP) of plant protein ingredients as an alternative structuring strategy for plant-based yogurts. Using mung bean (MB), chickpea (CP), pea (PP), lentil (LP), and faba bean (FB) proteins as examples, this work compared the viscosity and viscoelastic properties of high pressure-structured (600 MPa, 5 min, 5 °C) 12% (<i>w/w</i>) plant protein gels without, and with 5% (<i>w/w</i>) sunflower oil (SO) to commercial plain skim and whole milk Greek yogurts and discussed the feasibility of using HPP to develop plant-based yogurts. HPP formed viscoelastic gels (G’ > G’’) for all plant protein samples with comparable gel strength (G’~10<sup>2</sup>–10<sup>3</sup> Pa; tan δ~0.2–0.3) to commercial dairy yogurts. The plant protein gel strength decreased in the order: CP~CPSO~LP~LPSO > MBSO~PPSO~FB~FBSO > PP >> MB. Modest addition of sunflower oil led to little change in viscoelastic properties for all plant protein samples except for MB and PP, where gel strength increased with incorporated oil. The emulsion gels were also more viscous than the hydrogels. Nonetheless, the viscosity of the plant protein gels was similar to the dairy yogurts. Finally, a process involving separate biotransformation for optimized flavor production and high pressure processing for consistent texture generation was proposed. This could lead to high protein plant-based yogurt products with desirable texture, flavor, and nutrition.https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/9/8/1126high pressure processingplant proteinshydrogelsemulsion gelsplant-based yogurts |
| spellingShingle | Shaun Y. J. Sim Xin Yi Hua Christiani Jeyakumar Henry A Novel Approach to Structure Plant-Based Yogurts Using High Pressure Processing Foods high pressure processing plant proteins hydrogels emulsion gels plant-based yogurts |
| title | A Novel Approach to Structure Plant-Based Yogurts Using High Pressure Processing |
| title_full | A Novel Approach to Structure Plant-Based Yogurts Using High Pressure Processing |
| title_fullStr | A Novel Approach to Structure Plant-Based Yogurts Using High Pressure Processing |
| title_full_unstemmed | A Novel Approach to Structure Plant-Based Yogurts Using High Pressure Processing |
| title_short | A Novel Approach to Structure Plant-Based Yogurts Using High Pressure Processing |
| title_sort | novel approach to structure plant based yogurts using high pressure processing |
| topic | high pressure processing plant proteins hydrogels emulsion gels plant-based yogurts |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/9/8/1126 |
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