Analysis of FGF-dependent and FGF-independent pathways in otic placode induction.
The inner ear develops from a patch of thickened cranial ectoderm adjacent to the hindbrain called the otic placode. Studies in a number of vertebrate species suggest that the initial steps in induction of the otic placode are regulated by members of the Fibroblast Growth Factor (FGF) family, and th...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Public Library of Science (PLoS)
2013-01-01
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| Series: | PLoS ONE |
| Online Access: | http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC3552847?pdf=render |
| _version_ | 1818581744517906432 |
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| author | Lu Yang Paul O'Neill Kareen Martin Juan C Maass Vassil Vassilev Raj Ladher Andrew K Groves |
| author_facet | Lu Yang Paul O'Neill Kareen Martin Juan C Maass Vassil Vassilev Raj Ladher Andrew K Groves |
| author_sort | Lu Yang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The inner ear develops from a patch of thickened cranial ectoderm adjacent to the hindbrain called the otic placode. Studies in a number of vertebrate species suggest that the initial steps in induction of the otic placode are regulated by members of the Fibroblast Growth Factor (FGF) family, and that inhibition of FGF signaling can prevent otic placode formation. To better understand the genetic pathways activated by FGF signaling during otic placode induction, we performed microarray experiments to estimate the proportion of chicken otic placode genes that can be up-regulated by the FGF pathway in a simple culture model of otic placode induction. Surprisingly, we find that FGF is only sufficient to induce about 15% of chick otic placode-specific genes in our experimental system. However, pharmacological blockade of the FGF pathway in cultured chick embryos showed that although FGF signaling was not sufficient to induce the majority of otic placode-specific genes, it was still necessary for their expression in vivo. These inhibitor experiments further suggest that the early steps in otic placode induction regulated by FGF signaling occur through the MAP kinase pathway. Although our work suggests that FGF signaling is necessary for otic placode induction, it demonstrates that other unidentified signaling pathways are required to co-operate with FGF signaling to induce the full otic placode program. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-16T07:38:22Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-44bfd648bd8f481fb6e56033135225ef |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1932-6203 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-16T07:38:22Z |
| publishDate | 2013-01-01 |
| publisher | Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
| record_format | Article |
| series | PLoS ONE |
| spelling | doaj.art-44bfd648bd8f481fb6e56033135225ef2022-12-21T22:39:08ZengPublic Library of Science (PLoS)PLoS ONE1932-62032013-01-0181e5501110.1371/journal.pone.0055011Analysis of FGF-dependent and FGF-independent pathways in otic placode induction.Lu YangPaul O'NeillKareen MartinJuan C MaassVassil VassilevRaj LadherAndrew K GrovesThe inner ear develops from a patch of thickened cranial ectoderm adjacent to the hindbrain called the otic placode. Studies in a number of vertebrate species suggest that the initial steps in induction of the otic placode are regulated by members of the Fibroblast Growth Factor (FGF) family, and that inhibition of FGF signaling can prevent otic placode formation. To better understand the genetic pathways activated by FGF signaling during otic placode induction, we performed microarray experiments to estimate the proportion of chicken otic placode genes that can be up-regulated by the FGF pathway in a simple culture model of otic placode induction. Surprisingly, we find that FGF is only sufficient to induce about 15% of chick otic placode-specific genes in our experimental system. However, pharmacological blockade of the FGF pathway in cultured chick embryos showed that although FGF signaling was not sufficient to induce the majority of otic placode-specific genes, it was still necessary for their expression in vivo. These inhibitor experiments further suggest that the early steps in otic placode induction regulated by FGF signaling occur through the MAP kinase pathway. Although our work suggests that FGF signaling is necessary for otic placode induction, it demonstrates that other unidentified signaling pathways are required to co-operate with FGF signaling to induce the full otic placode program.http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC3552847?pdf=render |
| spellingShingle | Lu Yang Paul O'Neill Kareen Martin Juan C Maass Vassil Vassilev Raj Ladher Andrew K Groves Analysis of FGF-dependent and FGF-independent pathways in otic placode induction. PLoS ONE |
| title | Analysis of FGF-dependent and FGF-independent pathways in otic placode induction. |
| title_full | Analysis of FGF-dependent and FGF-independent pathways in otic placode induction. |
| title_fullStr | Analysis of FGF-dependent and FGF-independent pathways in otic placode induction. |
| title_full_unstemmed | Analysis of FGF-dependent and FGF-independent pathways in otic placode induction. |
| title_short | Analysis of FGF-dependent and FGF-independent pathways in otic placode induction. |
| title_sort | analysis of fgf dependent and fgf independent pathways in otic placode induction |
| url | http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC3552847?pdf=render |
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