Interactions between ecological factors in the developmental environment modulate pupal and adult traits in a polyphagous fly
Abstract In holometabolous insects, adult fitness depends on the quantity and quality of resource acquired at the larval stage. Diverse ecological factors can influence larval resource acquisition, but little is known about how these factors in the larval environment interact to modulate larval deve...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Wiley
2019-06-01
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| Series: | Ecology and Evolution |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.5206 |
| _version_ | 1818452125626138624 |
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| author | Binh Nguyen Fleur Ponton Anh Than Phillip W. Taylor Toni Chapman Juliano Morimoto |
| author_facet | Binh Nguyen Fleur Ponton Anh Than Phillip W. Taylor Toni Chapman Juliano Morimoto |
| author_sort | Binh Nguyen |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract In holometabolous insects, adult fitness depends on the quantity and quality of resource acquired at the larval stage. Diverse ecological factors can influence larval resource acquisition, but little is known about how these factors in the larval environment interact to modulate larval development and adult traits. Here, we addressed this gap by considering how key ecological factors of larval density, diet nutritional composition, and microbial growth interact to modulate pupal and adult traits in a polyphagous tephritid fruit fly, Bactrocera tryoni (aka “Queensland fruit fly”). Larvae were allowed to develop at two larval densities (low and high), on diets that were protein‐rich, standard, or sugar‐rich and prepared with or without preservatives to inhibit or encourage microbial growth, respectively. Percentage of adult emergence and adult sex ratio were not affected by the interaction between diet composition, larval density, and preservative treatments, although low preservative content increased adult emergence in sugar‐rich diets but decreased adult emergence in protein‐rich and standard diets. Pupal weight, male and female adult dry weight, and female (but not male) body energetic reserves were affected by a strong three‐way interaction between diet composition, larval density, and preservative treatment, whereby in general, low preservative content increased pupal weight and female lipid storage in sugar‐rich diets particularly at low‐larval density and differentially modulated the decrease in adult body weight caused by larval density across diets. Our findings provide insights into the ecological factors modulating larval development of a polyphagous fly species and shed light into the ecological complexity of the larval developmental environment in frugivorous insects. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-14T21:18:07Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-44c05582166648aa94dd6b33f11f651a |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2045-7758 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-14T21:18:07Z |
| publishDate | 2019-06-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Ecology and Evolution |
| spelling | doaj.art-44c05582166648aa94dd6b33f11f651a2022-12-21T22:47:01ZengWileyEcology and Evolution2045-77582019-06-019116342635210.1002/ece3.5206Interactions between ecological factors in the developmental environment modulate pupal and adult traits in a polyphagous flyBinh Nguyen0Fleur Ponton1Anh Than2Phillip W. Taylor3Toni Chapman4Juliano Morimoto5Department of Biological Sciences Macquarie University North Ryde New South Wales AustraliaDepartment of Biological Sciences Macquarie University North Ryde New South Wales AustraliaDepartment of Biological Sciences Macquarie University North Ryde New South Wales AustraliaDepartment of Biological Sciences Macquarie University North Ryde New South Wales AustraliaNew South Wales Department of Primary Industries The Elizabeth Macarthur Agricultural Institute Meneagle New South Wales AustraliaDepartment of Biological Sciences Macquarie University North Ryde New South Wales AustraliaAbstract In holometabolous insects, adult fitness depends on the quantity and quality of resource acquired at the larval stage. Diverse ecological factors can influence larval resource acquisition, but little is known about how these factors in the larval environment interact to modulate larval development and adult traits. Here, we addressed this gap by considering how key ecological factors of larval density, diet nutritional composition, and microbial growth interact to modulate pupal and adult traits in a polyphagous tephritid fruit fly, Bactrocera tryoni (aka “Queensland fruit fly”). Larvae were allowed to develop at two larval densities (low and high), on diets that were protein‐rich, standard, or sugar‐rich and prepared with or without preservatives to inhibit or encourage microbial growth, respectively. Percentage of adult emergence and adult sex ratio were not affected by the interaction between diet composition, larval density, and preservative treatments, although low preservative content increased adult emergence in sugar‐rich diets but decreased adult emergence in protein‐rich and standard diets. Pupal weight, male and female adult dry weight, and female (but not male) body energetic reserves were affected by a strong three‐way interaction between diet composition, larval density, and preservative treatment, whereby in general, low preservative content increased pupal weight and female lipid storage in sugar‐rich diets particularly at low‐larval density and differentially modulated the decrease in adult body weight caused by larval density across diets. Our findings provide insights into the ecological factors modulating larval development of a polyphagous fly species and shed light into the ecological complexity of the larval developmental environment in frugivorous insects.https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.5206animal–microbe competitioncrowdingdensitylarval competitionmicrobiota |
| spellingShingle | Binh Nguyen Fleur Ponton Anh Than Phillip W. Taylor Toni Chapman Juliano Morimoto Interactions between ecological factors in the developmental environment modulate pupal and adult traits in a polyphagous fly Ecology and Evolution animal–microbe competition crowding density larval competition microbiota |
| title | Interactions between ecological factors in the developmental environment modulate pupal and adult traits in a polyphagous fly |
| title_full | Interactions between ecological factors in the developmental environment modulate pupal and adult traits in a polyphagous fly |
| title_fullStr | Interactions between ecological factors in the developmental environment modulate pupal and adult traits in a polyphagous fly |
| title_full_unstemmed | Interactions between ecological factors in the developmental environment modulate pupal and adult traits in a polyphagous fly |
| title_short | Interactions between ecological factors in the developmental environment modulate pupal and adult traits in a polyphagous fly |
| title_sort | interactions between ecological factors in the developmental environment modulate pupal and adult traits in a polyphagous fly |
| topic | animal–microbe competition crowding density larval competition microbiota |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.5206 |
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