Modulation of Dual-Polarized X-Band Radar Backscatter Due to Long Wind Waves
Investigation of microwave scattering mechanisms is extremely important for developing methods for ocean remote sensing. Recent studies have shown that a common two-scale scattering model accounting for resonance (Bragg) scattering has some drawbacks, in particular it often overestimates the vertica...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2019-02-01
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| Series: | Remote Sensing |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/11/4/423 |
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| author | Irina A. Sergievskaya Stanislav A. Ermakov Alexey V. Ermoshkin Ivan A. Kapustin Alexander A. Molkov Olga A. Danilicheva Olga V. Shomina |
| author_facet | Irina A. Sergievskaya Stanislav A. Ermakov Alexey V. Ermoshkin Ivan A. Kapustin Alexander A. Molkov Olga A. Danilicheva Olga V. Shomina |
| author_sort | Irina A. Sergievskaya |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Investigation of microwave scattering mechanisms is extremely important for developing methods for ocean remote sensing. Recent studies have shown that a common two-scale scattering model accounting for resonance (Bragg) scattering has some drawbacks, in particular it often overestimates the vertical-to-horizontal polarization radar return ratio and underestimates the radar Doppler shifts if the latter are assumed as associated with quasi linear resonance surface waves. It is supposed nowadays that radar backscattering at moderate incidence angles is determined not only by resonance Bragg mechanism but also contains non polarized (non Bragg) component which is associated supposedly with wave breaking but which is still insufficiently studied. Better understanding of the scattering mechanisms can be achieved when studying variations of radar return due to long wind waves. In this paper, results of experiments from an Oceanographic Platform on the Black Sea using dual co-polarized X-band scatterometers working at moderate incidence are presented and variations of Bragg and non-Bragg components (BC and NBC, respectively) and radar Doppler shifts are analysed. It is established that BC and NBC are non-uniformly distributed over profile of dominant (decametre-scale) wind waves (DWW). Variations of BC are characterized by some “background„ return weakly modulated with the dominant wind wave periods, while NBC is determined mostly by rare and strong spikes occurred near the crests of the most intense individual waves in groups of DWW. We hypothesize that the spikes are due to intensification of nonlinear structures on the profile of short, decimetre-scale wind waves when the latter are amplified by intense DWW. Bragg scattering in slicks under the experimental conditions was suppressed stronger than NBC and spikes dominated in total radar return. It is obtained that radar Doppler shifts at HH-polarization are larger than at VV-polarization, particularly in slicks, the same relation is for NBC and BC Doppler shifts, thus indicating different scattering mechanisms for these components. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-11T18:26:17Z |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-4292 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-11T18:26:17Z |
| publishDate | 2019-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Remote Sensing |
| spelling | doaj.art-44cf53a56a36410ba81ac2646845e54b2022-12-22T04:09:37ZengMDPI AGRemote Sensing2072-42922019-02-0111442310.3390/rs11040423rs11040423Modulation of Dual-Polarized X-Band Radar Backscatter Due to Long Wind WavesIrina A. Sergievskaya0Stanislav A. Ermakov1Alexey V. Ermoshkin2Ivan A. Kapustin3Alexander A. Molkov4Olga A. Danilicheva5Olga V. Shomina6Institute of Applied Physics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 46 Uljanova St., Nizhny Novgorod 603950, RussiaInstitute of Applied Physics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 46 Uljanova St., Nizhny Novgorod 603950, RussiaInstitute of Applied Physics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 46 Uljanova St., Nizhny Novgorod 603950, RussiaInstitute of Applied Physics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 46 Uljanova St., Nizhny Novgorod 603950, RussiaInstitute of Applied Physics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 46 Uljanova St., Nizhny Novgorod 603950, RussiaInstitute of Applied Physics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 46 Uljanova St., Nizhny Novgorod 603950, RussiaInstitute of Applied Physics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 46 Uljanova St., Nizhny Novgorod 603950, RussiaInvestigation of microwave scattering mechanisms is extremely important for developing methods for ocean remote sensing. Recent studies have shown that a common two-scale scattering model accounting for resonance (Bragg) scattering has some drawbacks, in particular it often overestimates the vertical-to-horizontal polarization radar return ratio and underestimates the radar Doppler shifts if the latter are assumed as associated with quasi linear resonance surface waves. It is supposed nowadays that radar backscattering at moderate incidence angles is determined not only by resonance Bragg mechanism but also contains non polarized (non Bragg) component which is associated supposedly with wave breaking but which is still insufficiently studied. Better understanding of the scattering mechanisms can be achieved when studying variations of radar return due to long wind waves. In this paper, results of experiments from an Oceanographic Platform on the Black Sea using dual co-polarized X-band scatterometers working at moderate incidence are presented and variations of Bragg and non-Bragg components (BC and NBC, respectively) and radar Doppler shifts are analysed. It is established that BC and NBC are non-uniformly distributed over profile of dominant (decametre-scale) wind waves (DWW). Variations of BC are characterized by some “background„ return weakly modulated with the dominant wind wave periods, while NBC is determined mostly by rare and strong spikes occurred near the crests of the most intense individual waves in groups of DWW. We hypothesize that the spikes are due to intensification of nonlinear structures on the profile of short, decimetre-scale wind waves when the latter are amplified by intense DWW. Bragg scattering in slicks under the experimental conditions was suppressed stronger than NBC and spikes dominated in total radar return. It is obtained that radar Doppler shifts at HH-polarization are larger than at VV-polarization, particularly in slicks, the same relation is for NBC and BC Doppler shifts, thus indicating different scattering mechanisms for these components.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/11/4/423Dual-polarized X-band radarVV and HH-polarized radar backscatterBragg and non-Bragg componentsradar backscatter modulation due to long wind waves |
| spellingShingle | Irina A. Sergievskaya Stanislav A. Ermakov Alexey V. Ermoshkin Ivan A. Kapustin Alexander A. Molkov Olga A. Danilicheva Olga V. Shomina Modulation of Dual-Polarized X-Band Radar Backscatter Due to Long Wind Waves Remote Sensing Dual-polarized X-band radar VV and HH-polarized radar backscatter Bragg and non-Bragg components radar backscatter modulation due to long wind waves |
| title | Modulation of Dual-Polarized X-Band Radar Backscatter Due to Long Wind Waves |
| title_full | Modulation of Dual-Polarized X-Band Radar Backscatter Due to Long Wind Waves |
| title_fullStr | Modulation of Dual-Polarized X-Band Radar Backscatter Due to Long Wind Waves |
| title_full_unstemmed | Modulation of Dual-Polarized X-Band Radar Backscatter Due to Long Wind Waves |
| title_short | Modulation of Dual-Polarized X-Band Radar Backscatter Due to Long Wind Waves |
| title_sort | modulation of dual polarized x band radar backscatter due to long wind waves |
| topic | Dual-polarized X-band radar VV and HH-polarized radar backscatter Bragg and non-Bragg components radar backscatter modulation due to long wind waves |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/11/4/423 |
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