Inhibitory effects of compounds from Phyllanthus amarus on nitric oxide production, lymphocyte proliferation, and cytokine release from phagocytes
Yuandani,1,2 Ibrahim Jantan,1 Menaga Ilangkovan,1 Khairana Husain,1 Kok Meng Chan3 1Drug and Herbal Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; 2Falkultas Farmasi, Universitas Sumatera Utara, USU-Kampus, Medan, Indonesia;...
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Dove Medical Press
2016-06-01
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| Series: | Drug Design, Development and Therapy |
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| Online Access: | https://www.dovepress.com/inhibitory-effects-of-compounds-from-phyllanthus-amarus-on-nitric-oxid-peer-reviewed-article-DDDT |
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| author | Yuandani Jantan I Ilangkovan M Husain K Chan KM |
| author_facet | Yuandani Jantan I Ilangkovan M Husain K Chan KM |
| author_sort | Yuandani |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Yuandani,1,2 Ibrahim Jantan,1 Menaga Ilangkovan,1 Khairana Husain,1 Kok Meng Chan3 1Drug and Herbal Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; 2Falkultas Farmasi, Universitas Sumatera Utara, USU-Kampus, Medan, Indonesia; 3Biomedical Science Programme, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Abstract: Standardized extract of Phyllanthus amarus has previously been shown to have a strong inhibitory effect on phagocytic activity of human neutrophils. The current study was carried out to evaluate the effects of constituents of the extract of P. amarus on nitric oxide (NO) production as well as lymphocyte proliferation and cytokine release from phagocytes. Three compounds, ethyl 8-hydroxy-8-methyl-tridecanoate, 7β,19α dihydroxy-urs-12-ene, and 1,7,8-trihydroxy-2-naphtaldehyde, together with seven known compounds were isolated from the whole plant of P. amarus. The isolated compounds and reference standards, ie, gallic acid, ellagic acid, corilagin, and geraniin, which were quantitatively analyzed in the extracts, were evaluated for their effects on immune cells. Among the compounds tested, the lignans, especially phyltetralin and phyllanthin, showed strong inhibition on lymphocyte proliferation with half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values of 1.07 µM and 1.82 µM, respectively. Ethyl 8-hydroxy-8-methyl-tridecanoate and 1,7,8-trihydroxy-2-naphtaldehyde exhibited strong inhibition on nitric oxide production with IC50 values of 0.91 µM and 1.07 µM, respectively. Of all the compounds, corilagin was the strongest inhibitor of tumor necrosis factor-α release with an IC50 value of 7.39 µM, whereas geraniin depicted the strongest inhibitory activity on interleukin-1β release with an IC50 value of 16.41 µM. The compounds constituting the extract of P. amarus were able to inhibit the innate immune response of phagocytes at different steps. Keywords: Phyllanthus amarus (Euphorbiaceae), immunosuppressive effects, 1,7,8-trihydroxy-2-naphtaldehyde, 7β, 19α-dihydroxy-urs-12-ene, phyllanthin, hypophyllanthin |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-23T13:45:34Z |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1177-8881 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-23T13:45:34Z |
| publishDate | 2016-06-01 |
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| spelling | doaj.art-44d3dcabe19f4f4b8def8e627cf1466d2022-12-21T17:44:43ZengDove Medical PressDrug Design, Development and Therapy1177-88812016-06-012016Issue 11935194527355Inhibitory effects of compounds from Phyllanthus amarus on nitric oxide production, lymphocyte proliferation, and cytokine release from phagocytesYuandaniJantan IIlangkovan MHusain KChan KMYuandani,1,2 Ibrahim Jantan,1 Menaga Ilangkovan,1 Khairana Husain,1 Kok Meng Chan3 1Drug and Herbal Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; 2Falkultas Farmasi, Universitas Sumatera Utara, USU-Kampus, Medan, Indonesia; 3Biomedical Science Programme, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Abstract: Standardized extract of Phyllanthus amarus has previously been shown to have a strong inhibitory effect on phagocytic activity of human neutrophils. The current study was carried out to evaluate the effects of constituents of the extract of P. amarus on nitric oxide (NO) production as well as lymphocyte proliferation and cytokine release from phagocytes. Three compounds, ethyl 8-hydroxy-8-methyl-tridecanoate, 7β,19α dihydroxy-urs-12-ene, and 1,7,8-trihydroxy-2-naphtaldehyde, together with seven known compounds were isolated from the whole plant of P. amarus. The isolated compounds and reference standards, ie, gallic acid, ellagic acid, corilagin, and geraniin, which were quantitatively analyzed in the extracts, were evaluated for their effects on immune cells. Among the compounds tested, the lignans, especially phyltetralin and phyllanthin, showed strong inhibition on lymphocyte proliferation with half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values of 1.07 µM and 1.82 µM, respectively. Ethyl 8-hydroxy-8-methyl-tridecanoate and 1,7,8-trihydroxy-2-naphtaldehyde exhibited strong inhibition on nitric oxide production with IC50 values of 0.91 µM and 1.07 µM, respectively. Of all the compounds, corilagin was the strongest inhibitor of tumor necrosis factor-α release with an IC50 value of 7.39 µM, whereas geraniin depicted the strongest inhibitory activity on interleukin-1β release with an IC50 value of 16.41 µM. The compounds constituting the extract of P. amarus were able to inhibit the innate immune response of phagocytes at different steps. Keywords: Phyllanthus amarus (Euphorbiaceae), immunosuppressive effects, 1,7,8-trihydroxy-2-naphtaldehyde, 7β, 19α-dihydroxy-urs-12-ene, phyllanthin, hypophyllanthinhttps://www.dovepress.com/inhibitory-effects-of-compounds-from-phyllanthus-amarus-on-nitric-oxid-peer-reviewed-article-DDDTPhyllanthus amarus (Euphorbiaceae)immunosuppressive effects178-trihydroxy -2-naphtaldehyde7β19α-dihydroxy-urs-12-enephyllanthinhypophyllanthin |
| spellingShingle | Yuandani Jantan I Ilangkovan M Husain K Chan KM Inhibitory effects of compounds from Phyllanthus amarus on nitric oxide production, lymphocyte proliferation, and cytokine release from phagocytes Drug Design, Development and Therapy Phyllanthus amarus (Euphorbiaceae) immunosuppressive effects 1 7 8-trihydroxy -2-naphtaldehyde 7β 19α-dihydroxy-urs-12-ene phyllanthin hypophyllanthin |
| title | Inhibitory effects of compounds from Phyllanthus amarus on nitric oxide production, lymphocyte proliferation, and cytokine release from phagocytes |
| title_full | Inhibitory effects of compounds from Phyllanthus amarus on nitric oxide production, lymphocyte proliferation, and cytokine release from phagocytes |
| title_fullStr | Inhibitory effects of compounds from Phyllanthus amarus on nitric oxide production, lymphocyte proliferation, and cytokine release from phagocytes |
| title_full_unstemmed | Inhibitory effects of compounds from Phyllanthus amarus on nitric oxide production, lymphocyte proliferation, and cytokine release from phagocytes |
| title_short | Inhibitory effects of compounds from Phyllanthus amarus on nitric oxide production, lymphocyte proliferation, and cytokine release from phagocytes |
| title_sort | inhibitory effects of compounds from phyllanthus amarus on nitric oxide production lymphocyte proliferation and cytokine release from phagocytes |
| topic | Phyllanthus amarus (Euphorbiaceae) immunosuppressive effects 1 7 8-trihydroxy -2-naphtaldehyde 7β 19α-dihydroxy-urs-12-ene phyllanthin hypophyllanthin |
| url | https://www.dovepress.com/inhibitory-effects-of-compounds-from-phyllanthus-amarus-on-nitric-oxid-peer-reviewed-article-DDDT |
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