Water pollution in the Middle Nile Delta, Egypt: An environmental study
Water-borne diseases have been estimated to cause more than two million deaths and four billion cases of diarrhea annually. Water-borne pathogenic organisms include bacteria, protozoa, and viruses. Heavy metal contamination of water is also a potential threat to human health. This study aimed to det...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2016-09-01
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| Series: | Journal of Advanced Research |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2090123215001137 |
| _version_ | 1811310284628819968 |
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| author | Samy I. El-Kowrany Enas A. El- Zamarany Kholoud A. El-Nouby Dalia A. El-Mehy Ehab A. Abo Ali Ahmad A. Othman Wesam Salah Ahmad A. El-Ebiary |
| author_facet | Samy I. El-Kowrany Enas A. El- Zamarany Kholoud A. El-Nouby Dalia A. El-Mehy Ehab A. Abo Ali Ahmad A. Othman Wesam Salah Ahmad A. El-Ebiary |
| author_sort | Samy I. El-Kowrany |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Water-borne diseases have been estimated to cause more than two million deaths and four billion cases of diarrhea annually. Water-borne pathogenic organisms include bacteria, protozoa, and viruses. Heavy metal contamination of water is also a potential threat to human health. This study aimed to detect contamination of potable water with protozoal and bacterial pathogens as well as heavy metals in Gharbiya governorate in the middle of the Nile Delta, Egypt. Therefore, this study was conducted on water samples from 3 different localities in Gharbiya governorate throughout the year 2014. Water samples (108) were collected from source, plant and tap water at the four seasons. Parasitological, bacteriological, and toxicological evaluation was carried out for all samples. Parasitological evaluation was done to detect protozoal contamination by conventional diagnostic staining techniques, immunofluorescence assay, and flow cytometry. The study identified the protozoal contaminants in water, and showed that flow cytometry positive results were more than the conventional staining. Also, the study identified bacterial fecal contamination of source water as well as heavy metal pollution in source water. Since the integration of flow cytometry could facilitate detection of Giardia cysts and Cryptosporidium oocysts in water samples, we strongly recommend its use as a routine for the detection of these pathogenic protozoa. Finally, Ongoing evaluation of drinking water is needed as well as formulation and implementation of an integrated plan to limit the contamination by pathogens and heavy metals. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-13T09:56:28Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-44ea7703ec044d6d90578382a68d728a |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2090-1232 2090-1224 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-13T09:56:28Z |
| publishDate | 2016-09-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Advanced Research |
| spelling | doaj.art-44ea7703ec044d6d90578382a68d728a2022-12-22T02:51:22ZengElsevierJournal of Advanced Research2090-12322090-12242016-09-017578179410.1016/j.jare.2015.11.005Water pollution in the Middle Nile Delta, Egypt: An environmental studySamy I. El-Kowrany0Enas A. El- Zamarany1Kholoud A. El-Nouby2Dalia A. El-Mehy3Ehab A. Abo Ali4Ahmad A. Othman5Wesam Salah6Ahmad A. El-Ebiary7Department of Medical Parasitology, Tanta Faculty of Medicine, EgyptDepartment of Clinical Pathology, Tanta Faculty of Medicine, EgyptDepartment of Medical Parasitology, Tanta Faculty of Medicine, EgyptDepartment of Medical Parasitology, Tanta Faculty of Medicine, EgyptDepartment of Public Health and Community Medicine, Tanta Faculty of Medicine, EgyptDepartment of Medical Parasitology, Tanta Faculty of Medicine, EgyptDepartment of Clinical Pathology, Tanta Faculty of Medicine, EgyptDepartment of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology, Tanta Faculty of Medicine, EgyptWater-borne diseases have been estimated to cause more than two million deaths and four billion cases of diarrhea annually. Water-borne pathogenic organisms include bacteria, protozoa, and viruses. Heavy metal contamination of water is also a potential threat to human health. This study aimed to detect contamination of potable water with protozoal and bacterial pathogens as well as heavy metals in Gharbiya governorate in the middle of the Nile Delta, Egypt. Therefore, this study was conducted on water samples from 3 different localities in Gharbiya governorate throughout the year 2014. Water samples (108) were collected from source, plant and tap water at the four seasons. Parasitological, bacteriological, and toxicological evaluation was carried out for all samples. Parasitological evaluation was done to detect protozoal contamination by conventional diagnostic staining techniques, immunofluorescence assay, and flow cytometry. The study identified the protozoal contaminants in water, and showed that flow cytometry positive results were more than the conventional staining. Also, the study identified bacterial fecal contamination of source water as well as heavy metal pollution in source water. Since the integration of flow cytometry could facilitate detection of Giardia cysts and Cryptosporidium oocysts in water samples, we strongly recommend its use as a routine for the detection of these pathogenic protozoa. Finally, Ongoing evaluation of drinking water is needed as well as formulation and implementation of an integrated plan to limit the contamination by pathogens and heavy metals.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2090123215001137WaterGiardiaCryptosporidiumFlow cytometryFecal contaminationHeavy metals |
| spellingShingle | Samy I. El-Kowrany Enas A. El- Zamarany Kholoud A. El-Nouby Dalia A. El-Mehy Ehab A. Abo Ali Ahmad A. Othman Wesam Salah Ahmad A. El-Ebiary Water pollution in the Middle Nile Delta, Egypt: An environmental study Journal of Advanced Research Water Giardia Cryptosporidium Flow cytometry Fecal contamination Heavy metals |
| title | Water pollution in the Middle Nile Delta, Egypt: An environmental study |
| title_full | Water pollution in the Middle Nile Delta, Egypt: An environmental study |
| title_fullStr | Water pollution in the Middle Nile Delta, Egypt: An environmental study |
| title_full_unstemmed | Water pollution in the Middle Nile Delta, Egypt: An environmental study |
| title_short | Water pollution in the Middle Nile Delta, Egypt: An environmental study |
| title_sort | water pollution in the middle nile delta egypt an environmental study |
| topic | Water Giardia Cryptosporidium Flow cytometry Fecal contamination Heavy metals |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2090123215001137 |
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